所有权客体特定性的判断研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 02:10

本文选题：物权客体　切入点：所有权客体　出处：《南京财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：物权法第二条明确规定,物权是对特定物享有的支配和排他的权利。因此物权法中的物均应满足特定性的要求。社会发展带来民法物范围的不断扩大,使得物权客体日趋复杂,如何确定这些新物的特定性是它们进入物权法的前提。因此,需要对物权客体特定性的判断进行研究。所有权在整个物权体系中居于核心地位,因而所有权客体特定性的判断具有典型意义。通过所有权客体特定性的研究可以认知物权客体特定性研究的价值和意义所在。本文共分为三章,各部分主要内容如下：第一章是所有权客体特定性研究的理论准备。通过梳理罗马法、法国、德国、我国物权法和学者给民法物的定义,发现民法物的概念其实很难界定,原因在于物的范围的不断扩张。这也是推动当前民法物研究的主要动因。民法物范围的扩张影响物权法中物的范围的大小,并间接影响物权客体特定性的判断。物权客体特定性判断的对象是物。为此,本文讨论了物与民法权利的关系,以明确物作为物权客体的正当性。物权法中的物是民法物的一部分,但它又不完全等同于民法中的物,物权法中的物应是特定物。这样就明确了物权客体特定性判断的研究对象。在此基础上,本文研究了物权客体特定性判断的一般标准。时间和空间是人类认识世界和科学研究的重要方法。在哲学领域,康德用时间和空间来阐述法哲学的不同感官对象。他认为所有权对客体的占有分为现实的占有和纯粹法律占有,区分的标准便是客体是否可以用时间和空间来衡量。在物理学领域,牛顿的经典力学理论和爱因斯坦的狭义相对论均是在各自时空观基础上的伟大发现。而从物权性质本身来看,时间和空间也都是重要的参照标准。因此,本文以时间和空间两个维度作为一般意义上物权客体特定性判断的标准,并作为所有权客体特定性判断的基础。第二章是对所有权客体特定性的具体判断。本文首先肯定了传统民法理论对所有权概念认识的合理性。通过所有权的概念和权能可以看出,所有权是最能体现物权性质和特征的权利,并可得出所有权客体与物权客体在范围上重合。因此,物权客体特定性判断的一般标准在所有权中是完全适用的。通过对在适用中存在的两个问题的分析,即集合物上可否成立所有权和不断消耗的物品是否具有特定性,本文得出了一般标准在应用过程中的两个基本原则。但生活是复杂的,一般标准并不能解决全部的所有权客体适格与否的问题。这就需要对所有权客体的特定性进行具体分析。在解释论的视角下,所有权客体特定性的判断首先需要考虑所有权本身的特殊性和所有权客体的特殊性。所有权本身的特殊性体现在民法所有权与宪法所有权关系的处理上。通过对自然资源国家所有权的考察,本文发现,与西方传统大陆法系国家宪法上的自然资源所有权以民法上的自然资源所有权为基础不同,我国在物权法规定自然资源国家所有权之前,就已经有了宪法上的自然资源国家所有权。因此我国物权法上的自然资源国家所有权其实是以宪法上的规定为基础的,其客体的特定性并不完全符合传统物权法客体的要求。所有权客体本身的特殊性则体现在客体范围的广泛和权利主体的多元上。所有权的这些特殊性均会影响所有权客体特定性的判断,因此所有权客体特定性的判断应坚持变通理解、宽严相济的解释方法。在此基础上,本文研究了典型的所有权客体的特定性。即自然资源国家所有权客体特定性的判断和无线电频谱资源客体特定性的判断。自然资源所有权的规定由于源自宪法,规定过于原则,因此仅具有宣誓意义。对它们的客体的特定性没有必要逐个判断,仅需从宽泛意义上整体考虑即可。气候资源由于物权法未规定且不符合特定性而被排除在自然资源国家所有权客体之外。无线电频谱资源可以有两种理解。一种理解是将无线电频谱资源看做由无线电波排列而成的图形。另一种理解是将它看做一定频率的总称。由于将无线电频谱资源解释成图形资源不符合立法目的,故排除。电磁波的本质是物质,立法者和多数物权法学者也将电磁波看做是民法中的物。借助于功能替代判断法可以解释无线电频谱资源作为物权法中国家所有权客体的特定性。在第三章,本文总结了所有权客体特定性判断的思路和方法,阐述了所有权客体判断的价值和其所具有的意义。所有权客体特定性的判断,首先是对用益物权和担保物权客体特定性的判断具有方法论意义。为此,本文阐述了第二章中所有权客体判断的方法和具有的启示,并以此为基础,对典型及难以判断的用益物权和担保物权客体的特定性进行了判断。通过对各部分物权客体特定性的研究,可以清晰地发现,物权客体判断是一个系统的过程。在此基础上,本文分析了以所有权为代表的物权客体特定性判断在理论和实践层面的价值。
[Abstract]:Second of the property law stipulates that the property right is entitled to dispose of specific objects and exclusive rights. So in the real right law of material shall meet the specific requirements. The scope of civil law bring social development continues to expand, the object of real right is becoming more and more complex, how to determine the specific nature of these new materials is a prerequisite for them into law. Therefore, the need for research on the real right object specific judgment. The ownership of the core of the whole system of real right, so the object of ownership specific judgment has typical significance. Through the research object of ownership specific cognitive research specific object of real value and significance. This paper is divided into three chapters, the main the content of each part is as follows: the first chapter is to study the specific object of ownership theory. Through analyzing the law of Rome, France, Germany, China's property law and civil law scholars to the The definition of the concept of civil law in fact that it is difficult to define, because the expansion of the range of the object. This is the main reason to promote the civil law research. The scope of the expansion of scope of civil law in property law of size, and indirectly affect the judgement of the specific property object. The object of real right object specific judgment is the matter. For this reason, this paper discusses the relationship between rights and civil law, in order to clear the object as a legitimate object of real right. In the real right law is a part of the civil law, but it is not exactly the same as in the civil law, the real right law should be specific. So clear the research object of specific property object judgment. On this basis, this paper studies the general standard of judging the specific property object. Time and space is an important method of scientific research and human understanding of the world. In the field of philosophy, with time and space of Kant To expound different objects of the senses of law philosophy. He thinks that share ownership of the object is divided into real possession and possession of pure law, is the standard to distinguish whether the object can be used to measure the time and space. In the field of physics, Newton's theory of classical mechanics and Einstein's Theory of special relativity are in their great space-time found on the basis of the nature of real right. From the point of view, time and space are also an important reference standard. Therefore, based on the two dimensions of time and space as the general sense of the real right object specific judgment standard, and as the basic object of ownership specific judgment. The second chapter is to determine the specific object specific ownership the first confirmed the rationality of the traditional civil law theory understanding of the concept of ownership. The concept and function of ownership can be seen that the ownership is the best embodiment. The right of the nature and characteristics of the right, and the ownership of the object and the object of real right in the scope of overlap. Therefore, the general standard of judgment in the object specific property ownership is fully applicable. Through the analysis of the two problems existing in the application of the collection of objects can become whether ownership and constant consumption article is specific, the general standard of the two basic principles in the process of application. But life is complicated, the general standard does not solve all the problems of the object of ownership qualification or not. This requires specific ownership of the object were analyzed. In theory, the object of ownership specific judgment you first need to consider the particularity of the object of ownership and ownership itself. The particularity of ownership itself reflected in the relationship of ownership in civil law and constitution of ownership . through the investigation on natural resources of state ownership and ownership of natural resources this paper found that the constitution western traditional civil law countries on the ownership of natural resources based on the civil law, property law in our country in the state ownership of natural resources before, had the constitution of the state ownership of natural resources. So I the property law of the natural resources of state ownership is actually based on the provisions of the constitution, the specific object is not entirely consistent with the traditional real law object requirements. Multiple special ownership of the object is reflected in the range of the object and the subject of rights. On these special ownership will affect the ownership the specific object of judgment, so the object of ownership specific judgment should adhere to the flexible understanding, interpretation method of leniency. On this basis, is studied in this paper. The typical object of ownership. The object of state ownership of natural resources specific to the judgment and the radio spectrum resource object specific judgment. The ownership of natural resources since the provisions of the constitution, the provisions are too principle, therefore has only sworn meaning. Specific to the guest body they don't need one by one judge, only from a broad the sense of overall consideration. Climate resources because of real right law does not stipulate and does not comply with the specific nature and were excluded from the natural resources. The object of state ownership of radio spectrum resources can be understood in two ways. One is to understand the radio spectrum resources as radio waves arranged graphics. Another is to understand it. As a certain frequency. Because the radio spectrum resources as graphic resources do not meet the legislative purpose, the nature of the electromagnetic wave is excluded. The material, legislators and more The number of property law scholars will also be regarded as electromagnetic wave in the civil law. With the help of function substitute judgment method can explain the radio spectrum resources as the property law Chinese home ownership specific object. In the third chapter, this paper summarizes the ideas and methods of the object of ownership specific judgment, expounds the object of ownership and the value judgment with the object of ownership specific significance. First is the judgment, the methodological significance of usufructuary rights and security interests of the object specific judgment. Therefore, this paper describes the method of judging the object of ownership in chapter second and has implications, and on this basis, specific to typical and difficult to judge the usufructuary rights and security the object of property rights were judged. Through research on the specific part of the object of real right, it can be clearly found that the object of real right judgment is a process based system. On the other hand, this paper analyzes the value of the specific judgment of the object of real right, which is represented by ownership, in the theoretical and practical level.

【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

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