论商标正当使用的司法认定

发布时间：2018-03-29 17:47

本文选题：商标　切入点：正当使用　出处：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：商标正当使用是保障商业活动中言论自由的重要工具,也是构成侵犯商标权的重要抗辩事由。近年来,各国商标法大多有明确规定,比如美国《兰哈姆法》第33条(b)款第(4)项、《欧共体商标条例》第12条、日本《商标法》第26条等的规定。而在我国,对商标正当使用制度的研究要晚的多,但是国内有关商标侵权案件频出,争议不断。在2013年修改的《商标法》第59条将原来《商标法条例》第49条的规定上升到了法律层面,也体现了当前我国对商标正当使用制度的重视。但是关于该制度,还存在一些问题。首先,我国学者对商标正当使用制度的研究,多是对国外先进立法实践和经典判例的学习,以及对该制度类型和构成要件的探讨。事实上,正当使用的基础理论问题仍有很多需要反思,为了更好地完善商标正当使用制度,有必要对一些基础理论问题进行研究;其次,我国对商标正当使用制度的立法还不够全面,我国《商标法》只规定了叙述性正当使用,对其他类型都还未涉及;最后,明确商标正当使用的判断标准也是司法实务中亟待解决的问题,从近几年法院审理商标正当使用制度的案件判决来看,一审二审甚至再审的结果并不完全一致,甚至有的截然相反,这主要是由于商标正当使用规则缺乏完整的构成要件以及现行法律规定过于简单,导致很多案件无法适用该规则,法官在审理相关案件时只能参照和引用相关侵权法条,审理是否符合商标侵权的要件,不再审查商标正当使用是否成立。因此,研究和完善商标正当使用制度不仅具有理论意义,还具有现实意义。本文在借鉴和参考国内外学者理论研究的基础上,结合我国商标正当使用制度的现状,主要分两大部分进行研究。第一大部分系统论述了商标正当使用制度的概念,性质和主要类型。商标正当使用是指非商标权人为向消费者说明自己商品或服务的性质、用途、原材料、产地等信息,或为如实说明自己与他人商标的关系,善意且以合理方式使用他人商标标识,非作为自己商标使用的,未损害商标权人合法权益的行为。因此商标正当使用在本质上并非是一种商标使用行为。商标正当使用制度类型分为商业性正当使用和非商业性正当使用,本文着重分析研究商业性正当使用的三种类型。第二大部分主要对商业性正当使用的三种类型,即叙述性正当使用、指示性正当使用和比较广告中的正当使用进行概念、表现形式的分析以及对其的判断标准结合案例进行认定。最后提出该制度的完善建议。
[Abstract]:The proper use of trademarks is an important tool to protect the freedom of speech in commercial activities, and also an important defense for infringement of trademark rights. In recent years, most of the trademark laws of various countries have clearly stipulated that, For example, the provisions of Article 33 (b) (4) of the United States "Lanham Act", Article 12 of the "EC Trademark regulations", and Article 26 of the "Trademark Law" of Japan, etc., and so on. In China, the study on the system of the proper use of trademarks is much later. However, domestic trademark infringement cases are frequent and controversial. Section 59 of the Trademark Law, which was amended in 2013, raised the provisions of Article 49 of the original Trademark Law to the legal level. But there are still some problems in this system. First of all, the study of the system of the proper use of trademarks by Chinese scholars is mostly the study of foreign advanced legislative practice and classic cases. In fact, there are still many theoretical problems of proper use. In order to improve the proper use of trademark system, it is necessary to study some basic theoretical issues. The legislation on the proper use of trademarks in our country is not comprehensive enough. The Trademark Law of our country only provides for the proper use of narrative, but not for other types. Finally, It is also an urgent problem in judicial practice to make clear the standard of judging the proper use of trademarks. Judging from the judgments of the courts on the system of proper use of trademarks in recent years, the results of the first instance second instance and even the retrial are not completely consistent. Some are even quite the opposite. This is mainly due to the lack of complete elements of the rules for the proper use of trademarks and the fact that the existing laws and regulations are too simple to apply the rules in many cases. When hearing relevant cases, the judge can only refer to and invoke the relevant tort law, try whether it meets the requirements of trademark infringement, and not examine whether the proper use of the trademark is established. It is not only of theoretical significance but also practical significance to study and perfect the system of proper use of trademarks. Based on the theoretical research of scholars at home and abroad, this paper combines the current situation of the system of proper use of trademarks in China. The first part systematically discusses the concept, nature and main types of the system of proper use of trademarks. The proper use of trademarks refers to the nature and use of goods or services that non-trademark rights artificially explain to consumers. Raw materials, origin, etc., or the use of other people's trademark marks in good faith and in a reasonable manner in order to truthfully explain their relationship with other people's trademarks, but not as their own trademarks, Therefore, the proper use of a trademark is not essentially an act of using a trademark. The system of proper use of a trademark is divided into commercial and non-commercial use. This paper focuses on the analysis of three types of commercial legitimate use. The second part mainly focuses on the concept of narrative proper use, indicative proper use and comparative advertising of the three types of commercial legitimate use. Analysis of the form of expression and its judgment criteria combined with cases to identify. Finally, put forward some suggestions for the improvement of the system.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.43

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