实际施工人对发包人的诉权研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 07:44

本文选题：实际施工人　切入点：发包人　出处：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国建设工程施工领域内,转包、违法分包、挂靠(借用资质)等违法行为长期存在,屡禁不止。实际施工人作为无效施工合同的当事人,承担工程的实际施工任务。为了保护实际施工人特别是农民工弱势群体的权益,最高人民法院司法解释规定,实际施工人可以向发包人主张权利。可是,司法解释未对实际施工人诉权的法律基础做出明确规定,区区一条规定且过于原则,引发诸多争议,司法实践出现了大量问题。本文侧重实务角度,对实际施工人对发包人诉权的相关法律问题进行分析研究,提出完善实际施工人诉权制度的立法建议。全文由序论、正文、结语三个部分构成。正文共分为五章。第一章从我国合同法分则“施工人”概念入手,对比分析实际施工人的内涵,认为实际施工人属于无效施工合同的承包人,是工程施工任务的实际承担者。论述实际施工人在实践中的表现形式,着重分析包工头与农民工两类群体。第二章概述实际施工人对发包人的诉权内容。认为发包人的概念是相对的,并非单指业主,可以是劳务分包、转包或违法分包等合同的发包人。实际施工人对发包人行使诉权要受到严格的条件限制。探讨发包人对实际施工人承担责任的性质与责任范围。在实际施工人诉讼过程中,区分不同情形下参与诉讼各方的诉讼地位。第三章探讨实际施工人对发包人诉权的法理基础。先介绍司法解释第26条制定过程和立法背景,再具体分析事实合同关系说、突破合同相对性说、代位权说、不当得利返还说四种学说,最后认为实际施工人诉权是最高人民法院为了保护农民工利益、突破合同相对性原则而做出的特别规定。第四章对实际施工人诉权适用的司法现状进行分析。认为实际施工人诉权制度对于保护实际施工人利益起到了重要作用,同时,司法实践中存在实际施工人滥用诉权恶意诉讼、法院立案随意、发包人责任加重、保护农民工利益预期落空等问题。第五章提出完善实际施工人诉权制度的立法建议。参考域外国家民法代位权制度,并从解释论角度,建议明确实际施工人向发包人主张权利为债权人之代位权。建议完善立法,严格实际施工人对发包人诉权的适用条件,区分实际施工人与农民工两类主体权益保护的救济措施,实现实际施工人诉权保护与限制达到平衡。
[Abstract]:In the field of construction of construction projects in China, illegal subcontracting, illegal subcontracting and related (borrowing qualifications) and other illegal acts exist for a long time, repeated prohibition.The actual constructor, as a party to the invalid construction contract, undertakes the actual construction task of the project.In order to protect the rights and interests of the actual constructors, especially the vulnerable groups of migrant workers, the judicial interpretation of the Supreme people's Court stipulates that the actual constructors can claim the rights of the contractors.However, the judicial interpretation has not clearly stipulated the legal basis of the actual constructor's right of action, only one provision is too principled, which has caused many disputes, and a large number of problems have appeared in judicial practice.This paper focuses on the practical point of view, analyzes and studies the relevant legal issues of the actual constructor's right of action against the contractor, and puts forward some legislative suggestions to perfect the system of the actual constructor's right of action.The full text consists of three parts: preface, text and conclusion.The text is divided into five chapters.The first chapter starts with the concept of "constructor" in the special rule of contract law of our country, compares and analyzes the connotation of actual constructor, and thinks that the actual constructor belongs to the contractor of invalid construction contract and is the actual bearer of project construction task.This paper discusses the manifestation of practical constructors in practice, and analyzes two groups of contractors and migrant workers.The second chapter summarizes the content of the actual constructor's right of action against the contractor.The author thinks that the concept of the contractor is relative, not only the owner, but also the contractor of the contract such as labor subcontract, subcontract or illegal subcontract.The actual construction of the contract to exercise the right of action to be subject to strict conditions.Discuss the nature and scope of the contractor's responsibility to the actual constructor.In the actual constructor litigation process, the litigation status of the parties involved in the litigation under different circumstances is distinguished.The third chapter discusses the legal basis of the actual constructor's right of action against the contractor.This paper first introduces the process and legislative background of Article 26 of judicial interpretation, then concretely analyzes the theory of factual contractual relationship, breaks through the theory of relativity of contract, the theory of right of subrogation, the theory of improper enrichment, and the theory of return of improper enrichment.Finally, the author thinks that the actual constructor's right of action is a special regulation made by the Supreme people's Court in order to protect the interests of migrant workers and break through the principle of relativity of contract.The fourth chapter analyzes the judicial status quo of the application of the actual constructor's right of action.The author thinks that the system of the actual constructor's right of action plays an important role in protecting the interests of the actual constructor. At the same time, in judicial practice, there are malevolent litigation of the actual constructor's abuse of the right of action, the court files the case at will, and the responsibility of the contractor is aggravated.Protection of the interests of migrant workers expected to fall short of such issues.The fifth chapter puts forward the legislative suggestions to perfect the system of actual constructor's right of action.Referring to the system of subrogation in civil law of foreign countries and from the angle of explanation, it is suggested that the actual constructor should claim the right to the contractor as the subrogation of the creditor.It is suggested to perfect the legislation, strictly enforce the applicable conditions of the actual constructor's right of action to the contractor, distinguish the relief measures for the protection of the rights and interests of the actual constructor and the peasant worker, and realize the balance between the protection and limitation of the actual constructor's right of action.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.6

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