违约金酌减规则论

发布时间：2018-04-13 05:01

本文选题：违约金 + 赔偿性违约金　；参考：《法学家》2015年03期

【摘要】：违约金酌减规则是应对违约金数额过高而产生的特殊规则,其实质是赋予法官对合同自由进行等价有偿的干预。酌减规则是针对惩罚性违约金数额与其所担保的利益不等价而设计的制度,只适用于惩罚性违约金,而不应适用于赔偿性违约金。违约金酌减以违约金约定有效成立、违约金请求权已经发生效力并继续保持效力为构成前提。在债务人主张违约金过高的情况下,法院须根据债务人提供的事实予以判断,而在判断违约金数额是否过高时,应抛弃以实际损失为基点的模式,而应考虑债权人基于合同可以享有的所有利益,具体根据违约情况、违约结果、债务人利益以及合同损害继续发展的状况综合衡量违约金数额是否过高。
[Abstract]:The rule of reduction of penalty for breach of contract is a special rule arising from the excessive amount of penalty for breach of contract, and its essence is to give the judge equal compensation to intervene in the freedom of contract.The rule of reduction is designed for the amount of punitive liquidated damages is not equal to the interests guaranteed by them. It is only applicable to punitive damages, not to compensatory damages.The liquidated damages are subject to the effective establishment of the liquidated damages, and the claim for liquidated damages has been effective and continues to be valid.In the case where the debtor claims that the liquidated damages are too high, the court must judge on the basis of the facts provided by the debtor, and when judging whether the amount of liquidated damages is too high, the model of taking the actual loss as the basis point should be abandoned.The creditor should consider all the benefits that the creditor can enjoy on the basis of the contract, specifically according to the breach of contract, the result of the breach of contract, the benefit of the debtor and the condition of the continued development of the contract damage, whether the amount of liquidated damages is too high or not.
【作者单位】：清华大学法学院;
【基金】：清华大学人文社科振兴基金《人格权体系及保护制度研究》(项目批准号2010WKY001)的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D923.6

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