我国遗产范围的研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 03:02

本文选题：继承 + 遗产　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：遗产作为继承人享有继承权的标的,作为财产继承法律关系的客体,是继承纠纷围绕的中心问题。什么是遗产?对其概念的界定往往只是理论上的。因此,无论是在大陆法系还是在英美法系的法律规定中,对遗产概念的规定都大体相同。遗产,是指被继承人死亡时所遗留的,依法得转移给他人的个人财产。而对遗产范围的限制性规定则更多的表现为立法上的不同。对此,各国继承法或相关法律均以一定篇幅对遗产范围作了详略各异的规定。哪些财产可以作为遗产?从古至今,遗产范围经历了一个漫长的历史演进过程。大陆法系国家或地区大多继承了罗马法上的“总括继承原则”,将财产权利和财产义务一并列入遗产范围;而英美法系的继承法律中,因实行遗产信托,所以遗产仅包括财产权利,不包括财产义务。《中华人民共和国继承法》(以下简称《继承法》)的颁行从中国当时的实际国情出发,以列举的方式,明确规定了遗产范围,充分保护了公民个人的私有财产所有权,保障了家庭的和睦关系。但是,法律关系具有社会性,其范围和内容不是一成不变的,有些标的物在当时不能作为遗产来继承又或是当时尚未出现。但随着市场经济的高速发展,科学技术的进步,医疗水平的提高,公民个人所有的财富日渐增多并趋于多元化。目前,诸如遗产范围过于狭窄、种类不全,具有人格要素的物的认定不一等问题的日益升温,现有的立法规定已经无法满足司法实践,不能很好的做到有法可依,完善遗产范围势在必行。本文综合运用比较法研究、理论分析法、文献资料法等主要研究方法,通过对两大法系中遗产范围规定的考察,围绕我国立法及司法现状展开论述,审视我国遗产范围规定中存在的缺憾,对遗产范围的完善提出以下建议:扩大遗产范围,明确具有人格要素的物的可继承性,使得遗产范围除法律上明确规定的内容外,还包括司法实践中认定的财产,以及建设用地使用权、宅基地使用权、土地承包经营权、冷冻胚胎和遗体等在内,增加不完全遗产的规定,完善遗产范围立法条文的表述,明确财产义务的遗产地位,期望对修改我国《继承法》有所裨益。
[Abstract]:As the subject of inheritor's right of inheritance, heritage as the object of property inheritance legal relations is the central issue of inheritance disputes. What is heritage? The definition of its concept is often theoretical. Therefore, both in civil and Anglo American legal provisions, the provisions of the concept of heritage are generally the same. "Production" refers to the personal property that has been left over by the heir and is transferred to others in accordance with the law. The restrictive provisions on the scope of the heritage are more legislative. In this regard, the inheritance law or the relevant laws of all countries have made the detailed and different provisions on the scope of the heritage. What property can be used as a legacy? From ancient to the same time Today, the scope of the heritage has undergone a long history of historical evolution. Most countries or regions of the continental law system inherit the "general succession principle" of the law of Rome, and incorporate property rights and property obligations into the scope of heritage; and in the inheritance law of the Anglo American law system, the heritage includes property rights and not wealth because of the implementation of the Heritage Trust. The promulgation of the inheritance law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "Inheritance Law") begins with the actual conditions of China at that time, clearly stipulates the scope of the heritage, fully protects the private property ownership of the individual, and guarantees the harmony of the family. However, the legal relationship is sociality, its scope and content are not But with the rapid development of the market economy, the progress of science and technology, the improvement of the medical level, the individual wealth of the citizens is increasing and diversifying. The existing legislative provisions have been unable to meet the judicial practice, it is impossible to do well in the legal practice, and it is imperative to improve the scope of the heritage. This paper uses the comparative method research, the theoretical analysis method, the literature data method and other main research methods, through the two legal systems of the heritage scope rules. According to the present situation of our country's legislation and judicature, the author examines the shortcomings in the scope of our heritage, and puts forward the following suggestions for the improvement of the scope of the heritage: to expand the scope of the heritage and to clarify the inheritable character of the elements of the personality, so that the scope of the heritage is clearly defined in the law, but also in the judicial practice. The fixed property, the right to use the construction land, the right to use the land, the right to use the homestead, the land contract management right, the frozen embryo and the remains, etc., increase the provisions of the incomplete heritage, perfect the expression of the legislative provisions of the estate scope, clarify the heritage status of the property obligations, and expect to be beneficial to the revision of the inheritance law of China.

【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.5

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