产品缺陷致人损害赔偿请求权基础法律研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 23:32

本文选题：产品缺陷 + 损害赔偿　；参考：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：以我国《产品质量法》与《侵权责任法》为统领,产品缺陷致人损害的法律关系及其赔偿依据已经形成了基本的体系。然而,缺陷产品造成他人损害可能形成复数法律关系、涉及多个法律主体并产生多种损害赔偿请求权基础,这对当事人选择救济的方式与责任分配的依据造成了一定困难。因此,通过对立法的梳理、对法律关系的探讨,进而明晰缺陷产品致人损害赔偿的请求权基础,对当事人救济的圆满实现意义重大。本文分为引言、正文两部分,其中正文由如下五部分组成:第一部分:简要介绍产品缺陷的通行定义及基本类型,明晰产品缺陷致人损害赔偿法律关系的内涵。从法律关系上论述产品缺陷致人损害赔偿法律关系的特征,包括法律主体的多样性、法律关系的多重性、法律责任的复合性。第二部分:产品缺陷致人损害赔偿请求权基础之比较法概览。一方面,纵向介绍世界两大法系关于产品缺陷致人损害赔偿制度的理论沿革。另一方面,对比较法上典型国家及地区在缺陷产品的界定、民事主体损害赔偿的依据、责任主体及其关系等立法上的发展现状作出评述,同时介绍我国相关理论沿革与立法现状。第三部分:产品缺陷致人损害赔偿请求权基础的寻找与检讨。在宏观的研究思路上,首先,介绍请求权基础理论“找法”的思维路径;其次,论述科学地寻找损害赔偿请求权基础的必要性及意义。在具体法律关系中,从缺陷产品导致的“损害”出发,通过对损害行为的性质、类型及赔偿的法律效果进行检讨,分析此类因素对当事人选择损害赔偿请求权基础的意义。第四部分:不同赔偿权利主体的损害赔偿请求权基础。以请求权权利主体为出发点,对消费者、第三人因缺陷产品遭受损害赔偿的请求权基础及责任主体间追偿的请求权基础进行深入分析。同时,立足我国当前立法,结合司法实践与学理探讨,构建出第三人的求偿路径及责任主体间追偿的原则性依据。第五部分:产品缺陷致人损害赔偿的请求权竞合及诉讼选择。归纳产品缺陷致人损害赔偿请求权竞合的情形,排除非竞合的情形。在此基础上,结合比较法上对请求权竞合的处理模式,针对我国的立法模式及其在诉讼实践中的困惑,从诉讼主体、裁判者及诉讼制度方面提出建议,以缓解竞合案例中请求权基础选择的困局。
[Abstract]:Under the guidance of "Product quality Law" and "Tort liability Law", the legal relationship and compensation basis of damage caused by product defects have formed a basic system. However, the damage caused by defective products may form a plural legal relationship, involving multiple legal subjects and the basis of multiple claims for damages, which makes it difficult for the parties to choose the way of relief and the basis for the distribution of liability. Therefore, it is of great significance for the successful realization of the relief of the parties to clarify the basis of claim for damages caused by defective products by combing the legislation and probing into the legal relations. This paper is divided into two parts: the text is composed of the following five parts: the first part briefly introduces the general definition and basic types of product defects, and clarifies the connotation of the legal relationship of damages caused by product defects. This paper discusses the characteristics of the legal relationship between the product defects and the compensation for damages from the point of view of legal relationship, including the diversity of legal subjects, the multiplicity of legal relations and the compounding of legal liability. The second part: an overview of comparative law on the basis of claim for damages caused by product defects. On the one hand, it introduces the evolution of the system of compensation for damages caused by product defects in two legal systems of the world. On the other hand, it comments on the definition of defective products in typical countries and regions in comparative law, the basis of damage compensation of civil subjects, the development of liability subjects and their relations, and so on. At the same time, it introduces the evolution of relevant theories and the current situation of legislation in China. The third part: the search and review of the basis of claim for damages caused by product defects. In the macroscopic research thought, firstly, it introduces the thinking path of the basic theory of the right of claim "finding the law"; secondly, it discusses the necessity and significance of finding the basis of the claim for damages scientifically. In the specific legal relationship, starting from the "damage" caused by defective products, through the review of the nature, type and legal effect of damages, this paper analyzes the significance of such factors to the parties' choice of the basis of claim for damages. The fourth part: the basis of claim right of different compensation rights. Taking the subject of right of claim as the starting point, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the basis of claim for damages suffered by consumers and third parties due to defective products and the basis of claim for compensation between the subject of liability. At the same time, based on the current legislation of our country, combined with judicial practice and theoretical discussion, this paper constructs the path of the third party's claim and the principle basis of the recovery between the responsible subjects. The fifth part: the right of claim for damages caused by product defects and the choice of litigation. Induces the situation that the product defect causes the person to compensate for damages the right to claim concurrence, excludes the non-competing situation. On the basis of this, combined with the mode of dealing with the concurrence of claims in comparative law, aiming at the legislative model of our country and its confusion in litigation practice, this paper puts forward some suggestions from the aspects of litigation subject, umpire and litigation system. In order to ease the case of competing claims on the basis of choice of difficulties.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923;D922.294

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