互联网金融消费者权益保护研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 08:32

本文选题：互联网金融 + 金融消费者　；参考：《安徽大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：互联网金融发展对降低中小企业融资成本、助力普惠金融发展、促进金融产品创新、规范民间资本运行发挥了重要作用。《国务院政府工作报告》连续两年提出“促进互联网金融健康发展”。一个健康的互联网金融行业必然是消费者权益得到有效保护的行业。我国互联网金融“异军突起”,取得的发展成绩值得充分肯定,但消费者权益保护面临的问题也需要高度重视。互联网金融消费者作为消费者的一个重要组成部分,理应享有《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》赋予一般消费者的所有权利,但现实中其合法权益无法实现或得不到有效保护的现象还比较突出。例如,互联网金融平台未尽到充分、真实、全面披露所提供金融产品或服务相关信息的义务,侵犯消费者知情权或误导消费者金融消费(投资)决策；互联网金融企业非法采集、使用、对外提供个人信息,危害消费者个人隐私和金融信息安全；互联网金融平台违背勤勉尽职原则,侵犯消费者财产安全权；非法互联网金融平台恶意欺诈、P2P借贷平台跑路、掠夺性金融交易等致使消费者损失惨重。上述问题主要源于两方面因素。一是内在成因,即与传统“面对面”金融业务相比,互联网金融固有特征所导致的内生性缺陷,主要表现为四个失衡：便利性与安全性失衡,消费者安全保障水平低；效率性与规范性失衡,消费者适当性管理欠佳；开放性与保密性失衡,消费者隐私权保护难度大；电子化与书面化失衡,消费者求偿权实现难。二是外在成因,即互联网金融消费者权益保护先天不足的条件下,制度建设和政府干预存在缺位,互联网金融消费者权益保护工作面临无法可依的尴尬局面。总之,在互联网金融消费关系中,互联网金融企业几乎占据着资本优势、技术优势、信息优势、舆论优势等全面优势,理论上他们不会主动产生保护交易对手的动机,现实中也普遍存在未充分尊重消费者权利的情形,而金融消费者在短期高收益的刺激下忽略甚至放弃了自我保护的权利诉求,双方短视行为导致的权利不对等现象进一步加剧,消费者承受的实际风险水平大幅度上升且超过了其理应承受的范围,需要政府从制度安排上予以纠正。为解决互联网金融领域的金融消费者权益保护问题,中国人民银行、银监会、证监会、保监会等部门开展了大量富有成效的工作。例如,中国人民银行出台了一系列互联网支付服务相关的规定,保护消费者的备付金不被挪用和侵占；制定了个人金融信息保护相关规范性文件,把互联网金融领域的个人信息保护作为重点,并于2013年开展了个人金融信息保护专项检查。2013年,银监会、证监会分别出台了《银行业消费者权益保护工作指引》、《证券投资基金销售机构通过第三方电子商务平台开展业务管理暂行规定》。保监会2014年就《互联网保险业务监管暂行办法》公开征求意见。上述工作使制度缺失的状况逐步得到改善,但与金融消费者权益保护的迫切需求之间还存在较大差距。针对这一现实,本文建议政府部门采取五方面措施加强互联网金融消费者权益保护。一是加强互联网金融监管力度,完善监管措施,丰富监管手段和技术；二是加快互联网金融消费者权益保护立法,完善基本制度建设；三是加强互联网金融消费者权益保护的合力,强调社会共治；四是完善互联网金融消费者维权救济机制,畅通投诉处理渠道；五是加强互联网金融消费者的教育力度,提升其自我保护意识和能力。
[Abstract]:The development of Internet finance has played an important role in reducing the cost of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises, promoting financial development, promoting financial product innovation and regulating the operation of private capital. The State Council report on government work has put forward "promote the healthy development of Internet finance" for two years. A healthy Internet financial industry is bound to be the consumer's rights and interests. The development achievements of Internet Finance in China should be fully affirmed, but the problems facing the protection of consumers' rights and interests should be highly valued. As an important part of the consumer, Internet financial consumers should enjoy the "People's Republic of China consumer protection law". All rights to the general consumer are given, but in reality their legitimate rights and interests can not be realized or not effectively protected. For example, the Internet financial platform is not full, true and full disclosure of the obligation to provide financial products or services related information, infringe consumers' right to know or mislead consumers' financial consumption (investment). Decision making; Internet financial enterprises illegally collect, use, and provide personal information, endangering consumer privacy and financial information security; the Internet financial platform violates diligence principle, infringement of consumer property security, malicious fraud on the illegal Internet financial platform, P2P lending platform running road, predatory financial transactions and so on The above problems are mainly due to two factors. First, the internal causes are inherent. In other words, compared with the traditional "face-to-face" financial business, the inherent defects caused by the inherent characteristics of the Internet finance are mainly four imbalances: the imbalance of convenience and security, the low security level of the consumer, and the loss of efficiency and standardization. Balance, poor management of consumer appropriateness, unbalance of openness and secrecy, difficult to protect consumer privacy, unbalance of electronic and writing, and difficult to realize the right of consumer claim. Two is the external cause, that is, under the condition that the protection of the rights and interests of the Internet financial consumers is deficient, the system construction and government intervention are out of position, and the Internet finance is eliminated. In summary, in the Internet financial consumption relationship, the Internet financial enterprises almost occupy the advantages of capital, technology, information, public opinion and so on. In theory, they will not actively produce the motivation to protect the trading rivals. In reality, they are not fully respected in reality. In the case of the rights of consumers, the financial consumers neglect or even give up the claim of the right to protect themselves under the stimulus of short term high income. The people's Bank of China, the CBRC, the SFC and the CIRC have carried out a great deal of fruitful work to solve the problem of the protection of the rights and interests of financial consumers in the field of Internet finance. For example, the people's Bank of China has issued a series of regulations related to the Internet payment service to protect the payment of the consumer's payment. Using and encroachment; formulating the relevant normative documents of personal financial information protection, focusing on the protection of personal information in the Internet financial field, and carrying out a special inspection of personal financial information protection in 2013 for.2013. The CBRC issued the guidelines for the protection of the rights and interests of the consumer in the banking sector, < securities investment fund sales. The Provisional Regulations on the management of the business through the third party electronic commerce platform are more than. The CIRC on the Interim Measures for the supervision of the Internet insurance business in 2014 has been publicly consulted. The above work has improved the situation of the absence of the system gradually, but there is still a big gap between the urgent needs of the protection of the rights and interests of the financial consumers. This paper suggests that government departments should take five measures to strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of Internet financial consumers. One is to strengthen Internet financial supervision, improve supervision measures, enrich supervision means and technology; two, accelerate the protection of Internet financial consumer rights and interests, improve the construction of basic system; and three to strengthen the Internet financial consumer rights. The joint force of the benefit protection emphasizes the social co governance; four is to improve the Internet financial consumers' rights relief mechanism, the smooth channel of complaint handling, and the five is to strengthen the education of the Internet financial consumers and enhance their self-protection consciousness and ability.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.28;D923.8

【参考文献】