不动产冒名处分的法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 21:23

本文选题：冒名处分 + 权利瑕疵担保　；参考：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国出现了不动产冒名处分的法律现象,既有冒名人盗窃取得被冒名人的房产证并伪造相关证件的情况,也有租赁人或者共有人找人冒名处分的情况,引起了学界关于不动产冒名处分的法律适用问题的争议。不动产冒名处分,就是指冒充他人名义而处分该他人的不动产的行为。此类行为不仅使房屋所有权人的权利遭受侵害,也使善意的房屋受让人面临极高的交易风险。域外法学界也对关于冒名处分行为的法律适用问题进行了探讨。学界的主要争议点在于冒名处分行为是类推适用无权处分还是类推适用表见代理。本文分析不动产冒名处分的性质,主要参照了我国《物权法》第106条、《合同法》第49条、第51条、运用立法目的研究法、案例分析法、体系解释法,比较法解释法等方法,参照有关学者的论述,重点分析比较冒名处分行为与无权处分、无权代理之间的异同,进而对不动产冒名行为进行定性,确定其法律适用。首先,本文通过介绍目前学界关于不动产冒名处分的主要观点,阐述了冒名行为的特征,冒名人通过假冒他人身份、伪造他人签章等方式以被冒名人的身份作出意思表示,为法律行为,在被冒名者与冒名者之间,却存在法律上的关联,处分无权处分或处分权受限的不动产;交易相对人善意且支付了合理对价;骗过登记部门审查,进行了不动产变动登记;其次,从善意取得与表见代理制度的适用条件进行分析,排除了冒名处分适用的可能性;最后得出结论,冒名处分不动产的情况下,根据冒名人与被冒名人之间是否具有基础关系可以分为不同的情况以区别对待:第一,当冒名人与被冒名人是夫妻关系,根据《婚姻法解释三》的特殊规定,对善意的第三人直接使用该特殊规定予以保护;第二,当冒名人与被冒名人之间存在租赁、共有等法律关系时,看冒名人与被冒名人之间是否具有事先的约定,若有约定则按照表见代理处理,若是没有约定,则不动产的所有权归原权利人,由冒名行为人根据权利瑕疵担保的责任对善意第三人进行救济;第三,当冒名人与被冒名人之间并不存在基础关系(例如冒名人盗窃并伪造被冒名人的相关证件)时,在冒名人与善意第三人之间存在有效的合同关系,冒名人负有标的物的瑕疵担保义务以及权利瑕疵担保义务。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there has been a legal phenomenon of impersonation of immovable property in our country. There are cases in which impostors steal property certificates and forge relevant certificates, or renters or co-owners take false punishment. Has caused the dispute about the legal application of impersonation disposal in academic circles. The disposition of immovable property is the act of disposing of immovable property in the name of another person. Such behavior not only infringes the rights of the owner of the house, but also exposes the bona fide transferee to the extremely high transaction risk. The legal application of impersonation is also discussed in the field of foreign law. The main point of controversy in academic circles lies in whether the action of impersonation is applicable by analogy, unauthorized disposition or analogical application of apparent agent. This paper analyzes the nature of the disposition of impersonation of immovable property, mainly referring to Article 106 of the Real right Law, Article 49 of the contract Law, Article 51 of the Law of contract, applying the method of legislative purpose research, case analysis, system interpretation, comparative law, and so on. Referring to the exposition of relevant scholars, this paper analyzes and compares the similarities and differences between impersonation punishment and unauthorized disposition and unauthorized agent, and then determines the legal applicability of impersonation. First of all, by introducing the main points of view of the present academic circles on the disposition of impersonation of immovable property, this paper expounds the characteristics of the act of impersonation. The impostor expresses his intention with the identity of the impostor by impersonating the identity of another person, forgery of the signature of the other person, and so on. As a legal act, there is a legal connection between the impostor and the impostor, who has no right to dispose of the immovable property or whose disposition is restricted; the relative party of the transaction is in good faith and has paid a reasonable consideration; and the registration department has been deceived into examining, Secondly, from the analysis of the applicable conditions of bona fide acquisition and apparent agency system, the possibility of the application of false disposition is excluded. Finally, the conclusion is drawn that under the circumstances of pseudonym disposal of real estate, According to whether there is a basic relationship between the impostor and the impostor, it can be divided into different situations to be treated differently: first, when the impostor and the impostor are husband and wife, according to the special provisions of the Marriage Law interpretation 3, The special provision is directly used by a bona fide third party; second, when there is a legal relationship between the impostor and the impostor, such as leasing and sharing, whether there is a prior agreement between the impostor and the impostor, If there is an agreement, the agent shall deal with it according to the apparent representation. If there is no agreement, the ownership of the immovable property shall be vested in the original right holder, and the impostor shall remedy the bona fide third party in accordance with the duty of guaranty for the defect of the right; third, When there is no basic relationship between the impostor and the impostor (for example, the impostor steals and forges the relevant documents of the impostor), there is a valid contractual relationship between the impostor and the bona fide third party, The impostor has the obligation to guarantee the defect of the subject matter and the obligation to guarantee the defect of the right.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.2

【相似文献】