我国农村殡葬用地管理法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 00:08

本文选题：农村殡葬 + 殡葬用地　；参考：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：自十一届三中全会以来,改革开放已经行进了近四十个年头了。四十年来中国在经济、政治、法制等方面都取得了高速的发展,但是我国法律体系依旧不够完善,民生保障立法依旧落后。特别是近年以来,农村殡葬问题频频成为社会热点问题。比如“河南周口平坟事件”“安徽安庆墓改事件”曾在全国范围内引发轰动,一时间关于行政权力与公共利益的冲突的讨论与衡平成为研究热潮,但就其根本,还是整个社会对于农村殡葬问题,特别是农村殡葬用地问题的忽视。本文从农村殡葬用地的界定,现行农村殡葬用地法律规制整理、农村殡葬用地分类归纳,农村殡葬用地管理主体的职权职能明晰,农村殡葬用地管理中出现的社会问题以及我国农村殡葬用地管理和形式的发展变迁等方面进行全面分析,充分研究了我国农村殡葬用地管理上的问题,并提出自己的建议和对策。全文正文除引言和结语外分为五个部分：第一部分：对我国农村殡葬用地的概念进行界定。首先,就尚无明文规定的“农村殡葬用地”进行概念上的厘定；其次通过对于农村殡葬用地在使用上的身份性、权属上的物权性、存在上的分散性以及使用期限上的不确定性的整理,归纳出农村殡葬用地的特征；最后,以农村殡葬用地的特性为出发点,对农村殡葬用地做出公益性与经营性、有主墓和无主墓、集中型和分散型以及特殊型的分类。第二部分：分析现行农村殡葬用地管理上的法律问题。首先从现行的农村殡葬用地法律位阶太低、管理制度松散和立法滞后等问题分析农村殡葬用地管理上的立法不足；其次通过讨论地方政府政事不分和职权交叉的现状分析我国农村殡葬用地管理主体职权不明；最后以“周口平坟”与“安庆墓改”两个案例为基础,分析我国农村殡葬用地管理执行制度上忽略民意、宣传单一及保障制度缺失等问题。第三部分：对农村殡葬用地管理制度的分析。首先,对于我国殡葬用地管理制度的历史沿革进行回顾,分析我国农村殡葬用地管理的发展历程；其次,对于传统葬式在历史上的变迁进行研究,论证土葬与火葬在我国农村的文化地位。第四部分：通过对国外殡葬制度的分析研究,探讨外国先进殡葬用地管理经验对于我国农村殡葬用地管理的启发。主要以美国、法国和日本三个国家的殡葬用地管理制度为基础,对其进行分析和讨论,从而借鉴其先进经验。第五部分：对于农村殡葬用地管理问题的对策与建议。首先,对现行法律法规进行完善,主张建立以物权属性为基础的殡葬用地挂历制度,并梳理了农村殡葬用地的取得制度、必要的限制与规范、流转与消灭制度：其次,对政府在农村殡葬用地管理的职责职权上进行再定位；再次,改变政府对农村殡葬用地管理工作的工作方式,缓解社会冲突与矛盾；最后,通过细化城乡统筹规划对于农村殡葬用地管理上所涉及的诸多部门与事项进行宏观协调。
[Abstract]:Since the third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, reform and opening up has been in the past forty years. In the past forty years, China has made rapid development in economic, political, legal and other aspects. However, the legal system in China is still not perfect, and the legislation of people's livelihood security is still backward. For example, "Henan Zhoukou Ping grave incident" "Anhui Anqing tomb reform incident" has triggered a sensation throughout the country. A time of discussion and equity on the conflict between administrative power and public interest has become a research upsurge, but it is also the fundamental problem of the whole society for Rural Funeral and interment, especially in Rural Funeral and burial problems. From the definition of the Rural Funeral and interment land, the current legal regulation and regulation of the Rural Funeral and interment land, the classification and induction of the Rural Funeral and interment land, the function of the management body of the Rural Funeral and interment land management is clear, the social problems in the management of the Rural Funeral and interment land and the management of the Rural Funeral and interment and the development and change of the form of the Rural Funeral and interment in our country are fully analyzed. This paper studies the problems of Rural Funeral Land Management in China and puts forward their own suggestions and countermeasures. The text is divided into five parts in addition to the introduction and conclusion: the first part is to define the concept of Rural Funeral and interment land use in our country. The characteristics of Rural Funeral and interment land are summed up by the identity of the Rural Funeral and interment land use, the property right in the ownership, the dispersivity in the existence and the uncertainty in the use period. Finally, the characteristics of the Rural Funeral and interment are taken as the starting point, and the public welfare and management of the Rural Funeral and interment land are made, there are the main tombs and the no owners. The second part: analyze the legal problems in the current management of the Rural Funeral and interment land use, first of all, analyze the shortage of the legal position of the current rural funeral and interment land, the loose management system and the lag of legislation, and then discuss the local government by discussing the local government. The analysis of the current situation between political affairs and the cross of power and power is not clear. Finally, based on the two cases of "Zhoukou flat grave" and "Anqing tombs", the paper analyzes the problems of ignoring the public opinion, the single publicity and the lack of guarantee system in the management and execution system of the Rural Funeral and interment in China. The third part: to the rural funeral. The analysis of the management system of burial land. First, review the historical evolution of our country's funeral and interment land management system, analyze the development process of Rural Funeral and interment management in our country; secondly, study the historical changes in the traditional burial style, demonstrate the cultural status of the burial and cremation in the rural areas of our country. The fourth part: through the foreign countries The analysis and study of the funeral and interment system, discuss the Enlightenment of foreign advanced funeral and interment management experience on the management of the Rural Funeral and interment land use in our country. Based on the management system of the funeral and interment land use in three countries of the United States, France and Japan, it is analyzed and discussed, and the fifth part: the management of the Rural Funeral and interment land use. First, to improve the current laws and regulations, advocate the establishment of the system of ground calendar for funeral and interment based on property property, and comb the system of the acquisition of the land for the Rural Funeral and interment, the necessary restrictions and regulations, the system of circulation and elimination. Secondly, the government's duties and powers in the management of the Rural Funeral and interment are redefined. Thirdly, change the way of government work on Rural Funeral Land Management and alleviate social conflicts and contradictions. Finally, through refining the urban and rural overall planning for the Rural Funeral Land Management of many departments and matters involved in macro coordination.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.3;D923.2

【参考文献】