经营性房屋租赁权“质押”法律性质问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 00:35

本文选题：权利质押 + 物权法定　；参考：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：融资难已成为目前资源有限的中小企业发展壮大的最大障碍,对此,部分商主体通过将其营业场所——经营性房屋租赁权“质押”以获得短期融资。但是物权法定原则使得此处“租赁权质押”的法律效力受到严重质疑。分析物权法定原则,虽有僵化的表现,但其逻辑正当性和历史合理性都使得我们不能轻易的跨越这条“红线”。既然从理论上讲经营性房屋租赁权有担保价值,那么我们何不促使其实现该价值以为实体经济服务。为实现该目的,笔者尝试引入了其他大陆法系国家普遍认可的“无效民事行为效力转换制度”,从该转换制度的构成要件入手分析出有效的替代行为——“租赁权让与担保”,然后再从有效性和可行性两个方面证成租赁权让与担保制度。本文除了引言总共包括四个部分。第一部分主要引出了经营性房屋租赁权质押行为的法律性质问题。首先明确了相关制度的内涵,将经营性房租租赁与住宅性房屋租赁进行区分并分析了租赁权和租赁权质押的内容,以划定本文所论述的范围。然后描述了租赁权质押的兴起和模式,大概了解一下租赁权质押的现实状况。然而,在法律层面上其效力因物权法定却不能成立,司法实践也不予认可,从而引出问题所在。第二部分主要对经营性房屋租赁权质押行为的物权性质予以否认。既然商主体创造出了租赁权质押,我们就从权利质权入手,对权利质押的标的进行考察,明确权利得以质押的原则。进而分析租赁权的性质,对租赁权能否质押做出感性的认识。就第一部分提出的问题,我们再对物权法定进行反思,发现该原则本身存在僵化的问题,但其与意思自治又不存在内在的逻辑冲突,因此物权法定本身不能被轻易的否定。基于此,租赁权作为权利质押的标的终归因绕不过物权法定的鸿沟而不得不宣布其物权方面的效力丧失。第三部分引入无效民事效力转换制度。既然无法绕过物权法定的障碍,笔者尝试着引进无效民事行为效力转换制度,以求将无效的权利质权行为转为有效的担保行为。无效法律行为效力转换制度的理论基础源自法律行为制度,正是由于法律行为的价值追求支撑了整个转换制度。当然,这一制度在我国没有明确的法律依据,只是在学者当中进行不断的争论,因此有必要阐述一下其价值及构成要件。通过对其替代行为要件的分析,我们大致得出其转换的方向——租赁权让与担保,但这一替代行为是否合理合法仍需论证。第四部分主要对租赁权让与担保制度进行证成。让与担保制度在我国一直存在争议,因为现行的担保法体系似乎没有其“用武之地”。但仔细分析,我国的担保法制度,虽有动产抵押和权利质押取代了让与担保的部分功能,但前者不论在适用标的还是在物权变动方式方面都有天然的弊端。而租赁权这种特殊的权利正好可以由让与担保予以涵括,不论从有效性和可行性方面,都可以通过此种方式进行担保。虽然在司法实践中有法律适用的障碍,但经过这一系列的制度安排,我们至少在法理上可以重新赋予租赁权担保的效力。
[Abstract]:The difficulty of financing has become the biggest obstacle to the development and expansion of small and medium sized enterprises with limited resources. In this case, some commercial entities have obtained short-term financing through the "pledge" of their business premises - the lease of operating houses. However, the legal principle of real right makes the legal effect of the "lease right pledge" seriously questioned. Principle, although there is a rigid performance, but its logical and historical rationality can not easily cross this "red line". Since the theory of business housing lease has a guarantee value, then why do we not promote it to realize the value of real economic service. In order to achieve this purpose, I tried to introduce the other The system of "effect conversion of invalid civil behavior", which is universally recognized by the countries of the continental law system, analyzes the effective substitution behavior, "lease right transfer guarantee" from the elements of the transformation system, and then proves the lease right transfer guarantee system from two aspects of validity and feasibility. This article includes four departments in addition to the introduction. The first part mainly leads to the legal nature of the pledge of the renting right of the operating house. First, it clarifies the connotation of the related system, distinguishes the operating rent lease from the housing lease, analyzes the content of the lease right and the lease right pledge, in order to delineate the scope discussed in this article, and then describes the pledge of the lease right. The rise and mode of the renting rights may be understood about the real situation of the pledge of the lease right. However, the legal level of its effectiveness can not be established by the law of real right, and the judicial practice is not recognized, which leads to the problem. The second part mainly denies the property rights of the pledge of the renting right of the operating house. From the pledge of the right of lease, we begin with the pledge of rights, examine the mark of the pledge of rights, clear the principle of the pledge of rights, and then analyze the nature of the right of lease, and make a perceptual knowledge of the lease of the right to pledge. However, there is no inherent logic conflict between it and the autonomy of the meaning, so the law itself can not be easily denied. Based on this, the final return of the lease right, as the final result of the right pledge, has to declare the loss of its property right due to the legal gap of the real right. The third part introduces the system of invalid civil effect conversion. However, I can not bypass the legal obstacles of real right, I try to introduce the system of invalid civil action effect conversion, in order to transfer the invalid right of pledge to effective guarantee. The theoretical basis of the system of invalid legal action effect conversion derives from the legal act system, which is the result of the value pursuit of legal behavior that supports the whole system of conversion. Of course, there is no clear legal basis for this system in our country, but it is only a constant debate among scholars, so it is necessary to elaborate on its value and constitutive requirements. Through the analysis of the elements of its substitution behavior, we can roughly draw the direction of its transformation - the lease transfer and guarantee, but whether this alternative is reasonable and legitimate. It still needs to be demonstrated. The fourth part mainly proves the system of lease assignment guarantee. The system of transfer guarantee has been controversial in our country, because the existing guarantee law system does not seem to have its "place of use". However, the guarantee law system in our country has replaced part of the function of the transfer guarantee, although the mortgage and the pledge of the right and interest have replaced the part of the guarantee. The former has natural disadvantages both in the application and in the way of the change of property. The special rights of the lease right can be covered by the transfer guarantee. It can be guaranteed by this way, both in terms of validity and feasibility. Although there are obstacles to the application of the law in the practice of judicial practice, it passes through this department. The institutional arrangement of the column can at least give the validity of the guarantee of the lease right in legal sense.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

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