特殊赠与中的贫困抗辩权研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 11:24

本文选题：特殊赠与合同 + 贫困抗辩权　；参考：《南昌大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在可撤销的赠与合同中,赠与人可以通过行使撤销权来拒绝履行赠与义务,不再交付赠与财产。而在具有公益性、公正性及道德义务性质的特殊赠与合同中,赠与人并不享有撤销权,当其经济状况显著变更以致发生贫困时,对于未履行的赠与义务,赠与人该行使何种权利来救济自己?基于民法中的公平性,情势变更原则和赠与合同中的无偿性,法律赋予了赠与人贫困抗辩权,给予了倾斜保护。当赠与人行使贫困抗辩权时,可能会对受赠人的信赖利益造成一定的损失,基于公平责任原则,赠与人应承担相应的责任,从而平衡赠与人和受赠人之间的利益。经济状况的显著变更是赠与人行使贫困抗辩权的决定性因素,不论该因素是否是由赠与人的过错导致,也不论赠与人是否为迟延履行赠与义务,只不过赠与人行使该项权利只能针对未履行的赠与义务且不能请求返还已交付的赠与财产。由于贫困抗辩权是一种延缓性的抗辩权,若赠与人在一年之内恢复履行赠与义务的能力时,其应继续履行赠与义务,否则,可通过解除合同终止合同效力。
[Abstract]:In a revocable gift contract, the donator can refuse to perform the gift obligation by exercising the right of rescission, and no longer deliver the gift property. In a special gift contract of public welfare, fairness and moral obligation, the donator does not enjoy the right of rescission. When his economic situation changes so significantly that poverty occurs, the donator has no obligation to perform the gift. What rights should the donor exercise to help himself? Based on the fairness of civil law, the principle of change of circumstances and the gratuitous nature of the gift contract, the law gives the donator the right to defend poverty and gives preferential protection. When the donator exercises the right to defend poverty, it may cause certain loss to the trust interest of the recipient. Based on the principle of fair liability, the donor should bear the corresponding responsibility, thus balancing the interests between the donor and the recipient. A significant change in economic conditions is the decisive factor in the donator's exercise of the right to defend poverty, whether or not the factor is the result of the donor's fault, and whether or not the donor is late in fulfilling his gift obligations, Only the donator can exercise this right only in respect of the unfulfilled gift obligation and cannot request the return of the delivered gift property. Because the poverty defense right is a kind of deferred defense right, if the donator recovers the ability of performing the gift obligation within one year, it should continue to perform the gift obligation, otherwise, the contract effect can be terminated by the termination of the contract.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.6

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