强制性规定与合同效力问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 03:27

本文选题：强制性规定 + 合同效力　；参考：《西南财经大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：合同的效力问题,是法律对当事人各方合意行为的评价,是国家意志的体现。《合同法》第五十二条对合同无效的情形进行了列举性说明,《合同法司法解释(二)》将强制性规定进一步限定为效力性强制规定。我国立法和司法解释对合同无效所依据法律范围的不断缩限,折射出司法实践和理论学界对交易安全的日益重视。但对于什么是效力性强制规定,《合同法》及司法解释均没有给出明确界定,导致审判实践中类似的案件判决结果大相径庭,执法尺度难以统一,这也给司法实践带来了新的问题和困扰。因此,有必要对效力性强制规定做进一步的法律思考。厘清强制性规定与合同效力的相关法律问题,明确效力性强制规定与管理性强制规定的区分路径,努力寻求公共利益与私人利益之间的平衡点,具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文除导论和结语外,共分为四部分：第一部分对强制性规定的内涵和外延进行分析,为下文的深入研究奠定了理论根基。笔者从强制的对象、强制的内容和违反的后果三方面详细阐述了强制性规定的内涵,然后从怎么区分有助于认识强制性规定对合同效力的影响的视角出发,探讨了公法上的强制性规定与私法上的强制性规定、效力性强制规定和管理性强制规定以及强制性规定的位阶问题。第二部分在对各国和我国台湾地区立法和学说理论进行比较分析的基础上,明确了要对违反强制性规定的合同效力区分对待的原则和综合权衡规范目的与合同自由最终确定合同效力的原则。第三部分通过对国内主流观点的阐述与反思,并结合我国的立法历程和司法实务中的具体案例,说明随着司法实践和理论学界对交易安全的日益重视,我国立法指导思想已发生了转变,维护合同效力的倾向得以强化,因违法而导致合同无效的范围逐渐缩小,但合同无效认定的标准因为法律规定的空白导致司法实践的混乱。第四部分结合多年司法实践,对效力性强制规定与管理性强制规定的区分引入了比例原则,并通过“两分三看法”对比例原则加以运用,从而为合同效力的认定确定了便于操作的具体标准。为进一步增进对适用比例原则的直观认识,最后还结合具体个案对“两分三看法”进行了示范分析。
[Abstract]:The validity of the contract is the evaluation of the parties' consensual acts by law, Article 52 of the contract Law enumerates the circumstances of invalidity of the contract, and the judicial interpretation of the contract law (2) > further limits the mandatory provisions to the mandatory provisions. The legislation and judicial interpretation of our country limit the scope of the contract invalidation continuously, which reflects the increasing attention of the judicial practice and the academic circle of theory to the transaction security. However, the contract Law and the judicial interpretation have not clearly defined what is the mandatory provisions of validity, which leads to the different results of similar cases in trial practice and the difficulty to unify the standards of law enforcement. This also brings new problems and puzzles to judicial practice. Therefore, it is necessary to make further legal thinking on the mandatory provisions of validity. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify the legal issues related to the mandatory provisions and the validity of the contract, to clarify the distinguishing path between the mandatory provisions of validity and the mandatory provisions of management, and to strive to find a balance between the public and private interests. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into four parts: The first part analyzes the connotation and extension of mandatory provisions, which lays a theoretical foundation for further research. The author elaborates the connotation of mandatory provisions from three aspects: the object of coercion, the content of compulsion and the consequences of breach, and then sets out from the perspective of how to distinguish the impact of mandatory provisions on the effectiveness of contracts. This paper discusses the compulsory provisions in public law and private law, the compulsory provisions of validity and management, and the rank of mandatory provisions. The second part is based on the comparative analysis of the legislation and theory of various countries and Taiwan. The principle of distinguishing the contract effectiveness against the mandatory provisions and the principle of synthetically weighing the purpose of the norm and the freedom of contract to determine the validity of the contract are made clear. The third part through the domestic mainstream viewpoint elaboration and the reflection, and unifies our country's legislation process and the judicial practice concrete case, explains along with the judicial practice and the theory academic circles to the transaction security day by day the attention. The guiding ideology of legislation in our country has been changed, the tendency to maintain the validity of contract has been strengthened, and the scope of invalidation of contract has been gradually narrowed because of the violation of the law, but the criterion of invalidation of contract is caused by the confusion of judicial practice because of the blank of the law. The fourth part combines the judicial practice for many years, introduces the proportionality principle to the distinction between the effective compulsory stipulation and the management compulsory stipulation, and applies the proportional principle through the "two parts and three views". In order to determine the effectiveness of the contract to determine the specific standards for ease of operation. In order to further enhance the intuitionistic understanding of the principle of application of proportionality, a demonstration analysis of "two points and three views" is carried out in the light of specific cases.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.6

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