立法“矛盾”下的医疗事故举证责任分配

发布时间：2018-05-10 16:39

本文选题：医疗事故 + 过错责任　；参考：《法制博览》2016年10期

【摘要】：我国《侵权责任法》开始施行后,其关于医疗事故举证责任分配的规定引起了各方的关注。与以往长期适用的《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》相比,新规定明确了医疗纠纷案件中医疗机构替代责任的性质是过错侵权责任,并仅在例外情况下推定医疗机构存在过错,否则应由患者承担证明医疗机构及其医务人员存在过错的责任。本文探讨了《若干规定》与《侵权责任法》不同举证责任分配背后的价值考量,比较了医患双方的获得证据能力、运用医学知识证明能力,考察了司法实践中还原案件事实、降低诉讼成本的要求,并结合实践中存在的困境,得出推定侵权责任在当前阶段不应被抛弃、过错和因果关系要件的举证责任倒置尚有存在必要的结论。本文亦就当前适用新规定的情况下,应当采取何种方式手段才可能保护患者的正当权益提出了意见。
[Abstract]:After the Tort liability Law was put into effect, its provisions on the distribution of the burden of proof in medical malpractice have attracted the attention of all parties. Compared with the provisions of the Supreme people's Court on Civil Litigation evidence, which has long been applied for a long time, the new provisions make it clear that the nature of the substitute liability of medical institutions in medical dispute cases is the liability for tort of fault. Otherwise, the patient should bear the responsibility to prove the fault of the medical institution and its staff. This paper probes into the value considerations behind the distribution of burden of proof between "several provisions" and "Law of Tort liability", compares the ability of both doctors and patients to obtain evidence, uses medical knowledge to prove, and investigates the reduction of case facts in judicial practice. According to the requirement of reducing the cost of litigation and the difficulties existing in practice, it is concluded that the presumption of tort liability should not be abandoned at the present stage, and the inversion of the burden of proof of fault and causality is still necessary. This paper also puts forward some suggestions on how to protect the legitimate rights and interests of patients under the condition of applying the new regulations.
【作者单位】：天津市西青区人民检察院;
【分类号】：D925.1;D923

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