论代孕行为的法律规制

发布时间：2018-05-16 19:07

本文选题：代孕 + 代孕主体资格　；参考：《甘肃政法学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着世界各国科技水平之不断提高,医疗水平也相应有所进步和改善。但是,社会经济在稳步发展和前进的同时,也必然伴随着环境的破坏以及疾病的滋生。因而,医疗水平虽然相比之前先进了许多,却仍然存在着一系列疑难杂症难以完全治愈甚至有效控制,不孕不育症就是其一。然而,也正是由于不孕不育症之存在才促进了人类辅助生殖技术水平之提高,导致备受法律质疑和伦理争议之代孕行为的发生。因而,代孕生育技术作为医疗生殖技术之一,便日益引起广大不孕不育患者的密切关注。由于代孕生育涉及传统伦理道德、家庭亲子关系等复杂社会问题和法律难题,各国对其都持谨慎态度,国外对代孕采取的立法态度主要有完全禁止、完全开放及有限开放三种。我国虽对代孕采取全盘禁止之态度,但其行为并未因此而销声匿迹,反而转为地下经营,引发一系列伦理道德难题。由此可见,代孕技术作为实现不孕不育患者生育权之最后救济手段,其存在具备一定的正当性基础。然而,代孕技术之实施虽能帮助许多不孕患者实现其生育愿望,却在伦理道德、社会秩序等方面给其他普通社会公众造成巨大伤害。因而,为防止他人非法滥用代孕生育技术,保障不孕不育患者之合法生育权,我们必须吸收借鉴域外代孕之有益立法经验,结合我国实际情况,明确我国代孕行为之法律定位,有限开放部分代孕,并对其主体资格及亲子认定标准进行统一规范。同时,采取国家公权力介入的行政监管模式,设立专门的代孕监管机构,将代孕纳入法律规制的轨道,并积极采取行之有效的法律对策来合理规范代孕现象。鉴于此,本文主要通过比较分析法和文献研究法对域外代孕立法和相关理论学说进行研究借鉴,并分三章展开论述。第一章,笔者主要从代孕双方主体资格、代孕亲子关系认定及代孕行为的监管三方面对我国代孕的法律规制现状进行梳理,以揭示我国全面禁止任何代孕的立法缺陷。第二章,笔者通过对域外代孕行为之立法现状的梳理探讨,总结域外之有益立法经验,并结合我国国情将其吸纳到我国代孕立法当中。第三章,笔者将针对上述梳理的我国代孕之现状问题,从我国代孕的有限合法化、代孕主体资格限定、代孕亲子认定、监管机构设置等方面提出一些个人建议,并希望能够探索出有效正当地解决其引发各种社会问题的法律途径。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology all over the world, the medical level has been improved. However, with the steady development and progress of social economy, it must be accompanied by the destruction of environment and the breeding of diseases. Therefore, although the medical level has advanced a lot, there are still a series of complicated diseases that are difficult to cure or even effectively controlled. Infertility is one of them. However, it is the existence of infertility that promotes the improvement of human assisted reproductive technology, which leads to the occurrence of surrogacy, which is subject to legal and ethical controversy. Therefore, surrogate reproductive technology as one of the medical reproductive technology, has increasingly attracted the close attention of the majority of infertile patients. Because surrogacy involves traditional ethics, family parent-child relationship and other complicated social problems and legal problems, countries are cautious towards it. The foreign legislative attitude to surrogacy mainly includes complete prohibition, complete openness and limited openness. Although our country adopts the completely forbidden attitude to surrogacy, its behavior does not disappear because of this, on the contrary, it turns into underground management, which leads to a series of ethical and moral problems. It can be seen that surrogate technology is the last remedy to realize the reproductive right of infertile patients, and its existence has some legitimate foundation. However, the implementation of surrogacy technology can help many infertile patients to realize their desire to have children, but it does great harm to other ordinary public in ethics, social order and so on. Therefore, in order to prevent other people from illegally abusing surrogate reproductive technology and to protect the legal reproductive rights of infertile patients, we must absorb and learn from the beneficial legislative experience of foreign surrogacy, combine the actual situation of our country, and clarify the legal position of surrogacy in our country. Limited open part of surrogate, and its subject qualification and paternity standards are standardized. At the same time, we should adopt the administrative supervision mode of public power intervention, set up special surrogate supervision agencies, bring surrogacy into the track of legal regulation, and take effective legal countermeasures to regulate surrogacy reasonably. In view of this, this paper mainly through comparative analysis and literature research on the foreign surrogacy legislation and related theories for reference, and divided into three chapters to discuss. In the first chapter, the author combs the present situation of the legal regulation of surrogacy from three aspects: the qualification of surrogacy parties, the relationship between surrogate parents and children and the supervision of surrogate behavior, in order to reveal the legislative defects of the prohibition of surrogacy in our country. In the second chapter, the author summarizes the beneficial legislative experience of overseas surrogacy by combing the status quo of the legislation of the extraterritorial surrogacy, and induces it into the legislation of surrogacy in our country combined with the national conditions of our country. In the third chapter, the author will put forward some personal suggestions from the following aspects: limited legalization of surrogacy, qualification of surrogate subject, paternity determination of surrogate pregnancy, establishment of regulatory agencies, etc. And hope to explore the effective and legitimate solution to all kinds of social problems caused by the legal channels.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923;D922.16

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