动产抵押中未经登记不得对抗的第三人范围研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 15:43

本文选题：动产抵押权 + 登记对抗　；参考：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：动产抵押制度在现代社会中的运用愈来愈广泛。我国《担保法》、《物权法》对于动产抵押制度也均有规定。我国动产抵押制度的建立主要是借鉴了日本以及台湾地区的相关立法,采取动产抵押登记对抗主义,登记不再是抵押权生效的要件,而是对抗第三人的要件。我国《物权法》规定了动产抵押权未经登记不得对抗善意第三人。但是关于善意第三人范围,无论立法或者学界都未有明确定论。本文试图通过对善意第三人中善意进行分析判断,并且对第三人具体类型进行列举分析,以期能够明确此处善意第三人的范围。本文第一部分对两大法系动产抵押制度的发展进行了简要的介绍。动产抵押制度最早发源于古罗马,而由于缺乏公示而一度被废止。之后在大陆法系国家,虽然也存在动产抵押制度,但是由于物权法定原则的限制,其发展空间不大。而在英美法系,动产抵押制度发展未受到太多阻碍。尤其是美国《统一商法典》的制定,更是对各种动产担保制度进行统一规范,值得借鉴。第二部分分析了动产抵押登记的性质,以及未经登记的动产抵押权的效力。笔者认为动产抵押登记属于行政行为,因为登记行为是国家行政主管部门行使职权的行为,抵押权双方当事人与行政主管部门并非平等的主体,并且登记错误造成抵押权双方当事人损失的,将涉及行政责任。而未经登记的动产抵押权,笔者认为是一种不完全物权,其仍然是物权,只是因为缺乏公示,而不得对抗部分第三人。第三部分对第三人是否必须善意,以及善意的认定进行了探讨。通过对善意在民法中的发展进行介绍,可知善意来源于伦理学,并且从罗马法开始就存在分立。一种是行为准则上的善意,通常被称为诚信,要求行为人行事时,动机单纯,无损人利己之心。一种是主观善意,就是对行为人内心状态的判断,不知有足以影响其行为的法律效力的因素存在。此处笔者认为第三人之主观心态应当为善意,而此处的善意是指第三人对于抵押事实不知情,并且不包含由于重大过失而造成的不知情。第四部分对于善意第三人的具体类型进行了列举的分析,对于可能发生对抗关系的第三人一一进行分析判断,本部分分别论述了后买受人、其他担保物权人、一般债权人以及承租人,从而得出结论。
[Abstract]:Chattel mortgage system is more and more widely used in modern society. The Law of Guaranty in China and the Law of Real Rights also provide for the system of chattel mortgage. The establishment of the chattel mortgage system in our country is mainly based on the relevant legislation of Japan and Taiwan, and adopts the doctrine of registration of movable property mortgage, which is no longer the requirement of the validity of mortgage, but an important element against the third party. The property Law of our country stipulates that the mortgage of movable property shall not be against bona fide third party without registration. However, there is no clear conclusion on the scope of bona fide third party, either in legislation or in academic circles. This paper attempts to analyze and judge the bona fides of the bona fide third party and enumerate the specific types of the third party in order to clarify the scope of the bona fide third party here. The first part of this paper briefly introduces the development of chattel mortgage system in two legal systems. The chattel mortgage system originated in ancient Rome and was abolished for lack of publicity. Later, in the countries of civil law system, although there is chattel mortgage system, but because of the limitation of the principle of property law, its development space is not big. In Anglo-American law system, the development of chattel mortgage system has not been too much hindrance. Especially, the establishment of the uniform Commercial Code of the United States, is a unified regulation of various chattel security systems, which is worthy of reference. The second part analyzes the nature of chattel mortgage registration and the validity of unregistered chattel mortgage. The author thinks that the registration of chattel mortgage is an administrative act, because the registration act is the act of exercising the functions and powers of the competent administrative department of the state, and the parties to the mortgage and the administrative department are not equal subjects. And registration errors resulting in loss of both parties to the mortgage, will involve administrative liability. But the unregistered mortgage of movable property is an incomplete real right, which is still a real right, only because of the lack of publicity, but not against a part of the third party. The third part discusses whether the third party must be bona fide and the confirmation of goodwill. By introducing the development of good faith in civil law, we can see that goodwill originates from ethics and has been separated from Roman law. One is the good will in the code of conduct, which is usually called good faith. One is subjective goodwill, which is the judgment of the actor's inner state, and there are some factors which can affect the legal effect of his behavior. The author thinks that the subjective mentality of the third party should be goodwill, which means that the third party does not know the facts of mortgage and does not include the ignorance caused by gross negligence. The fourth part enumerates the concrete types of bona fide third party, and analyzes and judges the third party who may have antagonistic relationship. General creditors as well as lessees, thus reaching a conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

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