“担保”辨——基于担保泛化弊端严重的思考

发布时间：2018-05-24 07:28

本文选题：担保 + 非典型担保　；参考：《政治与法律》2015年12期

【摘要】：债的担保具有从属性、补充性和保障债权切实实现性等特性。物的担保、人的担保、金钱担保、某些优先权以及所有权保留符合这三种特性,应为债的担保。连带债务、并存的债务承担、履行抗辩权、债的保全、预告登记、抵销等制度措施没有满足这三种特性的要求,仅在保障债权切实实现方面优于普通债务及民事责任,故不能算作债的担保,只是具有担保作用。保证金的类型较多,属性复杂,有些属于债的担保,有些则否,不可一概而论。特定账户之上设立质权时,形成物的担保,于其不符合担保法、物权法关于质权设立要件的规格时,便不属于债的担保,仅为债的关系的标的物。只有构成担保的措施方可适用法律关于担保的相关规定,虽然具有担保作用但并非担保的措施不得适用法律关于担保的规定。
[Abstract]:The guarantee of debt has the characteristics of subordination, supplement and guarantee of the realization of creditor's rights. Security of things, guarantees of persons, guarantees of money, certain priorities and retention of title conform to these three characteristics and shall be security for debts. Joint and several debts, concurrent obligations, the right to perform defences, debt preservation, notice registration, set-off and other institutional measures did not meet the requirements of these three characteristics, only in the protection of the realization of creditor's rights than ordinary debt and civil liability, Therefore, it can not be regarded as the guarantee of the debt, but only has the function of guarantee. The type of margin is more complex, some belong to the guarantee of debt, others are not, can not generalize. When a pledge is set up on a specific account, the guarantee of the formed thing is not the guarantee of the debt, but the subject matter of the relationship of the debt when it does not conform to the guaranty law and the specification of the requirements for the establishment of the pledge in the real right law. The relevant provisions of the law on security can be applied only to the measures that constitute security, and measures that have the effect of security but are not secured may not apply the provisions of the law on security.
【作者单位】：清华大学法学院;
【基金】：国家哲学社会科学基金重点项目“法学方法论与中国民商法研究”(项目批准号:13AZD065)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D923

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