论网络空间中表达自由的保护和限制

发布时间：2018-06-02 08:51

本文选题：网络空间 + 表达自由　；参考：《安徽大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：互联网诞生之后,我们周边的很多事务都发生了变化,言论表达也深受网络的影响并进而产生了巨大的变化。言论表达自由这个概念由来已久,我国古代就有过这样的论述“防民之口甚于防川”,这说明言论自由的重要性我们早已明了,只是没有明确提出这个名词而已。近代这个词是随着资产阶级民主国家建立而逐渐被大家广泛接受。互联网的出现拓宽了言论表达的途径,也使网络言论表达自由这个词应运而生。在实质上,网络空间中的表达自由与现实社会中的言论表达自由是没有区别的,前者就是后者在网络空间的延伸和拓展。因此对言论表达自由保护和限制的法律原则基本上对网络空间中的表达自由也是同样可以适用的,只要对其中一些不合适的法律条款进行一些专门的修、改、废,当然这个修、改、废工作并不是嘴上说的那么简单。世界各国都对这个问题做了不少研究以及进行了相关法律的调整、加强网络行业自律组织的建设等,对网络空间表达自由进行了保护和限制,其实最终的目的都是为了保护公民的表达自由,限制也只是一种达到保的手段。本文主要从四个部分对网络空间中表达自由的保护和限制展开了一系列阐述。文章第一部分又分为三个层次,首先讲述了表达自由概念的萌芽、产生以及发展历程,然后解释了网络空间表达自由的概念以及具有的五个特征,分散性、多样性、匿名性、互动性和平等性,最后对网络空间表达自由对传统表达自由的挑战做了简要说明。文章第二大部分划分为两个层次,第一层次为网络空间表达自由的价值,共有四点,分别为自我实现、强化社会监督、推进政治民主进程以及促进社会宽容和开放,第二层次为外国对言论表达自由的法律保护,包括国际法对言论表达自由的保护以及比较具有代表性的另外两个国家美国和德国对言论表达自由的保护。文章第三大部分论述的则为网络空间表达自由的限制,该部分共有三个层次,第一层次说的是网络空间表达自由进行限制的原因,共有两个,分别为法理原因、现实原因,其中现实原因又被具体的划分为四个,它们是与私权利的冲突、对公共秩序的危害、造成色情信息泛滥和对司法公正的影响。第二层次说的是限制的原则,分为四个分别是明显而即刻的危险原则、禁止事先限制原则、比例原则和最后的限制法定原则。第三层次为国外的限制路径,从三个角度进行了相关说明,分别为法律角度、社会角度以及技术角度。文章第四大部分包括两个方面,分别是我国在保护和限制网络空间表达自由问题上的现状以及最后给出的解决问题的建议,现状主要从法律法规和行业自律两个方面进行说明,最后的建议分别从立法、政府监管和个人自律这四个角度展开论述。
[Abstract]:After the birth of the Internet, many of our peripheral affairs have changed, and the expression of speech has been greatly influenced by the Internet. The concept of freedom of speech and expression has a long history. In ancient China, there was such an argument that "defending the people is better than defending the Sichuan", which shows that the importance of freedom of speech has long been known to us, but the term has not been explicitly put forward. With the establishment of bourgeois democracy, the term was widely accepted in modern times. The emergence of the Internet broadens the way of expression, and makes the expression of freedom of expression emerge as the times require. In essence, there is no difference between the freedom of expression in cyberspace and the freedom of expression in real society. The former is the extension and expansion of the latter in cyberspace. Therefore, the legal principles for the protection and restriction of freedom of expression and expression are basically also applicable to the freedom of expression in cyberspace, as long as some of the inappropriate legal provisions are specially amended, repealed, of course, this revision. Reform, scrapping work is not as simple as the words. Countries all over the world have done a lot of research on this issue and carried out relevant legal adjustments, strengthened the construction of self-regulatory organizations in the network industry, and protected and restricted the freedom of expression in cyberspace. In fact, the ultimate purpose is to protect the freedom of expression of citizens, restrictions are only a means to achieve protection. This paper mainly discusses the protection and limitation of freedom of expression in cyberspace from four parts. The first part of the article is divided into three levels. First, it describes the germination, emergence and development of the concept of freedom of expression, and then explains the concept of freedom of expression in cyberspace and its five characteristics, decentralization, diversity, anonymity. Finally, the challenge of freedom of expression in cyberspace to traditional freedom of expression is briefly explained. The second part of the article is divided into two levels, the first is the value of freedom of expression in cyberspace, there are four points, namely, self-realization, strengthening social supervision, promoting the process of political democracy and promoting social tolerance and openness. The second level is the legal protection of freedom of speech and expression in foreign countries, including the protection of freedom of expression in international law and the protection of freedom of expression in the other two representative countries, the United States and Germany. The third part of the article discusses the limitations of freedom of expression in cyberspace, which has three levels. The first level is the reasons for the restriction of freedom of expression in cyberspace. There are two reasons, legal reasons and realistic reasons, respectively. Among them, the practical reasons are divided into four, which are the conflict with private rights, the harm to public order, the overflow of pornographic information and the influence on judicial justice. The second level is the principle of restriction, which is divided into four principles, namely, the principle of obvious and immediate danger, the principle of prohibition of prior restriction, the principle of proportionality and the principle of final limitation. The third level is the restriction path of foreign countries, which is explained from three angles: legal angle, social angle and technical angle. The fourth part includes two aspects: the present situation of protecting and restricting the freedom of expression in cyberspace in our country and the suggestions to solve the problem. The present situation is mainly explained from the two aspects of laws and regulations and industry self-discipline. The final suggestions are discussed from the four angles of legislation, government supervision and personal self-discipline.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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