大宗商品融资中的仓单质押法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 09:28

本文选题：大宗商品 + 融资　；参考：《北京化工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：仓单质押是当前市场上普遍使用并较为活跃的一种融资交易方式,尤其在大宗商品流通环节,经济主体想要充分利用仓储货物等闲置资源融通资金投入再生产环节,一般都通过移转仓单占有的方式将仓单权利进行质押,得到与仓单记载物品等值的资金,并以此担保债权的实现。在我国当前的市场经济和法律环境下,仓单质押的相关法律法规并未达到全面、系统、规范的水平,对仓单质押过程中的复杂法律关系缺少认知和思考,审判实务中各法院对仓单质押行为的成立和有效性的看法和认定也不尽一致,相关法律规制亟需完善,仓储企业行业管理水平低、缺少统一标准,资金需求方的诚信体系缺失、滥用规则和恶意规避法律,导致了我国大宗商品流通领域在2011-2015年这5年间以银行和国有企业为代表的资金提供方累计损失超过万亿,形成了上千件民事和刑事诉讼案件,严重破坏了市场经济秩序。为了进一步深化对仓单质押融资这一行为的法律认识,防范实务中的巨大法律风险,本文将以大宗商品融资为切入点,系统分析仓单质押中的相关法律问题,提出立法的建议和法律风险防范意见,以希望这种融资业务在合法的前提下蓬勃发展。文章主要内容如下：第一章为大宗商品融资情况的概述。主要介绍大宗商品、大宗商品融资的概念和特点,介绍了我国大宗商品融资的产生背景和近期的发展情况。第二章论述仓单质押融资法律关系和实务操作流程。包括四个部分：一是介绍了仓单及单质押,并对其法律规定和理论探讨进行了分析。二是简要分析仓单质押融资涉及的法律关系；三是分析大宗商品融资的担保方式和仓单质押实务操作一般流程;四是对钢贸融资领域中“现货质押”、“仓单质押”的概念进行了澄清。第三章论述了仓单质押融资实务中的法律问题以及探究。主要研究三个方向的大的问题,一是融资贸易与仓单质押担保的效力问题,特别针对研究了司法实践中的认定；二是质押仓单中记载货物的所有权问题,如仓单的合法有效、仓单记载货物的属性、货物的一致性、置换分割仓单和货物的处分等问题；三是仓单质押与动产质押、动产抵押、浮动抵押和留置权等担保物权的竞存规制和优先效力问题。第四章是对仓单质押提出的立法建议及法律风险防范的意见。主要法律法规完善以及政策调整方面和实务操作中的法律风险防范建议两个方面进行了阐述,内容包括：在我国《民法典》中订立中专门增加对仓单质押的法律规定,以构建完善法律体系,对电子化标准仓单进行立法并对使用做强制性要求,严格规范非标准仓单融资以防止对实体经济造成冲击；仓单质押实务操作的风险防范,加强仓储企业的行业管理,建立仓单质押登记监管平台,加强企业对质押融资业务的法律风险防范。
[Abstract]:Warehouse receipt pledge is a kind of financing transaction method that is widely used and more active in the current market. Especially in the circulation of commodities, economic entities want to make full use of idle resources such as warehousing goods and other idle resources to finance the process of capital investment in reproduction. In general, the right of warehouse receipt is pledged by transfer of warehouse receipt possession, and the funds equivalent to the goods recorded in warehouse receipt are obtained, and the realization of creditor's rights is guaranteed. In the current market economy and legal environment of our country, the relevant laws and regulations of warehouse receipt pledge have not reached the level of comprehensive, systematic and normative, and lack of cognition and thinking about the complex legal relationship in the process of warehouse receipt pledge. In the trial practice, the courts have different views on the establishment and validity of warehouse receipt pledge, and the relevant legal regulations need to be improved, the management level of warehousing enterprises is low, there is no uniform standard, and the credit system on the demand side of funds is missing. The abuse of rules and malicious evasion of laws has led to a cumulative loss of more than trillion yuan in the commodity circulation sector of China in the five years 2011-2015, represented by banks and state-owned enterprises, resulting in thousands of civil and criminal litigation cases. Seriously damaged the order of the market economy. In order to further deepen the legal understanding of the act of warehouse receipt pledge financing and guard against the huge legal risk in practice, this paper will take commodity financing as the starting point and systematically analyze the relevant legal issues in warehouse receipt pledge. This paper puts forward legislative suggestions and legal risk prevention opinions in order to develop this kind of financing business vigorously under the legal premise. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter is an overview of commodity financing. This paper mainly introduces the concept and characteristics of commodities and commodity financing, and introduces the background and recent development of commodity financing in China. Chapter two discusses the legal relationship and practical operation flow of warehouse receipt pledge financing. It includes four parts: first, it introduces warehouse receipt and single pledge, and analyzes its legal regulation and theoretical discussion. The second is a brief analysis of the legal relationship involved in warehouse receipt pledge financing; the third is the analysis of the guarantee mode of commodity financing and the general operation process of warehouse receipt pledge; the fourth is the "spot pledge" in the field of steel trade financing. The concept of "warehouse receipt pledge" is clarified. The third chapter discusses the legal issues and exploration in the practice of warehouse receipt pledge financing. This paper mainly studies three major problems, one is the validity of financing trade and warehouse receipt pledge, especially the confirmation of judicial practice, the other is the ownership of goods recorded in pledge warehouse receipt, such as the legal validity of warehouse receipt. Warehouse receipt records the property of goods, the consistency of goods, the replacement split warehouse receipt and the disposition of goods, etc. The third is the competition regulation and priority effect between warehouse receipt pledge and chattel pledge, movable mortgage, floating mortgage and lien. The fourth chapter is to the warehouse receipt pledge proposed the legislative proposal and the legal risk prevention opinion. The main laws and regulations as well as the policy adjustment and the legal risk prevention suggestions in practice are elaborated. The contents include: in the Civil Code of our country, the legal provisions on warehouse receipt pledge are added to the establishment of the Civil Code. In order to construct and perfect the legal system, legislate the electronic standard warehouse receipt and make the mandatory requirement to use, strictly standardize the non-standard warehouse receipt financing in order to prevent the impact on the real economy, guard against the risk of the practical operation of warehouse receipt pledge, Strengthen the industry management of warehousing enterprises, establish warehouse receipt pledge registration supervision platform, and strengthen the legal risk prevention of pledge financing business.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.2

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