环境污染责任保险法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 13:48

本文选题：环境污染责任保险 + 社会化　；参考：《山东财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着工业化时代的到来,我国经济迅速发展,但同时产生了日益严重的环境污染问题,这降低了经济发展的质量,威胁着人类的健康。近年来,环境污染事故时常发生,我国的首都北京每年都有很长时间笼罩在雾霾之中,如何治理雾霾倍受大家的关注,水污染和土地污染的面积也越来越大,国家对环境污染的问题逐渐重视起来,颁布了一系列法律法规和部门规章,期望可以减少经济发展的副作用,但是现有法律和行政制度的更新速度跟不上环境污染的增长速度,它们已无法有效解决环境污染的问题,并且一些环境污染事故的发生会造成巨大的损失,若受害人无法得到合理的赔偿,将不利于社会健康发展,若受害人得到了赔偿,企业往往不堪重负而破产,这同样不利于我国的经济发展。国外对这一问题的解决方法就是构建环境污染责任保险制度,这样一方面保障了环境污染受害人的权益,另一方面也可以促进我国企业的长远发展和保险业的繁荣。经过几十年的发展,在国外这一制度已越来越成熟。我国顺应国际形势也逐步建立了环境污染责任保险制度,但这一制度目前还处于发展阶段,很多方面还不成熟,出现了承保范围狭窄、承保机构单一、配套机制不健全和缺少追责机制等问题,本文在对环境污染责任保险相关理论进行研究的基础上,对比国外较为成熟的相关制度,针对我国试点中存在的问题提出了一些完善建议。本篇论文共有五部分:第一部分是绪论,介绍了环境污染责任保险法律问题研究这一选题的背景和意义,以及国内外学者对此问题的研究和本文主要运用的研究方法。第二部分为概述,在阅读文献的基础上,笔者主要介绍了这一制度的内涵、发展史、理论基础以及强制性、公益性的基本特征。第三部分是其他国家在不同的制度体系下对保险模式的选择和这些国家的先进制度对我国的启示,这一部分主要介绍了其他国家环境污染责任保险制度的运行状况,同时对比我国的相关立法和试点情况得出了对我国的启示。第四部分为我国环境污染责任保险制度的现状,这一部分分析了目前导致试点工作进展缓慢的众多因素,以及在试点中存在的承保范围狭窄、承保机构单一、配套机制不健全和缺少追责机制等问题。第五部分主要是笔者根据第四部分发现的问题提出对策建议,这一部分立足我国国情,主要提出了以下建议:首先,我国必须建立强制保险模式。其次,必须要扩大承保范围,建立多元化承保机构,完善配套机制,建立合理的信息公开制度、替代制度以及风险评估和损害评估机制,建立相应追责机制。笔者期待这些建议对完善我国的环境污染责任保险制度有所裨益。
[Abstract]:With the arrival of the industrialization era, our economy has developed rapidly, but at the same time has produced the increasingly serious environmental pollution problem, which has reduced the quality of economic development and threatened the health of human beings. In recent years, environmental pollution accidents often occur. Beijing, the capital of our country, is shrouded in haze for a long time every year. How to treat haze has attracted much attention, and the area of water pollution and land pollution has also become larger and larger. The state has gradually attached importance to the problem of environmental pollution, and has promulgated a series of laws and regulations and departmental regulations, which are expected to reduce the side effects of economic development. However, the existing laws and administrative systems cannot keep up with the growth rate of environmental pollution. They have been unable to solve the problem of environmental pollution effectively, and the occurrence of some environmental pollution accidents will cause huge losses. If the victim cannot get reasonable compensation, it will be harmful to the healthy development of the society, if the victim is compensated, Enterprises are often overwhelmed and bankrupt, which is also not conducive to the economic development of our country. The solution to this problem in foreign countries is to construct the liability insurance system for environmental pollution. On the one hand, it can protect the rights and interests of the victims of environmental pollution, on the other hand, it can also promote the long-term development of Chinese enterprises and the prosperity of the insurance industry. After decades of development, this system abroad has become more and more mature. China has gradually established the environmental pollution liability insurance system in accordance with the international situation, but this system is still in the development stage, and many aspects are not mature, the scope of underwriting is narrow, and the underwriting institution is single. On the basis of the research on the related theories of environmental pollution liability insurance, this paper compares the relatively mature relevant systems abroad, such as the imperfect supporting mechanism and the lack of accountability mechanism. In view of the problems existing in the pilot projects in China, some suggestions are put forward. There are five parts in this thesis: the first part is the introduction, which introduces the background and significance of the research on the legal problem of environmental pollution liability insurance, as well as the domestic and foreign scholars' research on this issue and the main research methods used in this paper. The second part is an overview. On the basis of reading literature, the author mainly introduces the connotation, development history, theoretical basis and the basic characteristics of compulsory and public welfare of this system. The third part is about the choice of insurance mode in different systems of other countries and the enlightenment to our country from the advanced system of these countries. This part mainly introduces the operating status of liability insurance system for environmental pollution in other countries. At the same time, the comparison of China's relevant legislation and pilot situation draws inspiration to our country. The fourth part is the current situation of environmental pollution liability insurance system in China. This part analyzes many factors that lead to the slow progress of the pilot work at present, as well as the narrow coverage scope and the single underwriting institution in the pilot project. Supporting mechanism is not perfect and lack of accountability mechanism and other problems. The fifth part is mainly based on the problems found in the fourth part of the countermeasures, this part based on China's national conditions, mainly put forward the following suggestions: first, China must establish a compulsory insurance model. Secondly, we must expand the scope of insurance, establish diversified underwriting institutions, perfect supporting mechanism, establish reasonable information disclosure system, substitute system, risk assessment and damage assessment mechanism, and establish corresponding liability mechanism. The author expects that these suggestions will be helpful to improve the liability insurance system of environmental pollution in China.
【学位授予单位】：山东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.284;D923

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