商业应用下基因检测的民事责任

发布时间：2018-06-07 12:23

本文选题：基因检测 + 商业化　；参考：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：医疗机构作为服务主体,运用基因技术提供产前筛检、新生儿筛检、遗传病检验等项目已行之有年,相关法律救济依我国现有的医疗法规及医疗管理制度足矣。然而,国内外近年来兴起非由医疗机构服务、而是直接由基因检测机构向消费者提供基因检测服务的形式越来越多。目前,我国对此类商业化基因检测服务没有相应的法律法规加以规制,此类基因检测服务处于商业、医疗交叉的“灰色地带”,工商部门和医疗卫生执法部门之间互相“踢皮球”,基因检测服务消费者的利益处于没有明确的法律依据保护状态。法学理论界对商业化基因检测服务的研究甚少,仅有的几篇多从法律伦理的角度讨论基因隐私的保护问题。本文从法律解释的视角出发,以基因检测机构与基因检测服务消费者间签订的服务合同为研究对象,对商业化基因检测服务中产生的民事责任深入研究。全文分为三章：第一章对商业应用下基因检测民事责任的归责必要性进行分析。商业应用下基因检测服务因其检测结果、方式、内容特殊的客观属性区别于一般商业服务。当下基因检测服务市场中的主体多重、内容多样,却少有市场监督管理,使得明确基因检测民事责任实有必要。第二章梳理商业应用下基因检测民事责任的可归责理论基础。商业应用下基因检测服务区别于医疗法律关系,适用承揽合同法律关系。基因检测服务中以告知后同意原则和诚实信用原则为基本原则,在归责原则方面亦有民事法律理论可循。第三章从检测的不同主体形态和不同时期两方面,讨论基因检测机构的民事责任样态。基因检测机构因参检形式的不同,随之独立或连带承担责任。基于检测前、中、后不同阶段承担相应的民事责任,基因检测机构可能因违反服务合同中的主给付义务、从给付义务或附随义务承担违约责任,或因虚假广告宣传、侵犯受检者隐私权等承担侵权责任。本文将基因检测服务纳入合同法律关系和侵权法律关系的调整范围中,力图寻求基因检测服务的消费者在现有民法规范体系下得以主张法律救济,期在民众权益保护与商业创新发展间取得平衡机制。
[Abstract]:Medical institutions as the main service, using genetic technology to provide prenatal screening, neonatal screening, genetic disease testing and other items have been carried out for a long time, relevant legal relief in accordance with the existing medical regulations and medical management system is sufficient. However, in recent years, there are more and more forms of gene detection services provided to consumers by gene detection institutions rather than by medical institutions at home and abroad. At present, our country does not have the corresponding laws and regulations to regulate this kind of commercial gene testing service, and this kind of gene detection service is in the "grey area" of commercial and medical intersecting. Industrial and commercial departments and medical and health law enforcement departments "kick the ball" each other, the interests of gene testing service consumers in the absence of a clear legal basis to protect the state. There are few studies on commercial gene detection services in the field of legal theory, and only a few articles discuss the protection of gene privacy from the perspective of legal ethics. From the perspective of legal interpretation, this paper takes the service contract between gene testing institution and gene testing service consumer as the research object, and deeply studies the civil liability arising from the commercial gene testing service. The thesis is divided into three chapters: the first chapter analyzes the necessity of civil liability for gene testing in commercial applications. Gene detection services in commercial applications are different from general commercial services because of their unique objective attributes such as test results, methods and content. At present, there are many subjects in the market of gene testing services, but there are few market supervision and management, which makes it necessary to clarify the civil liability of gene testing. Chapter two combs the theoretical basis of civil liability for gene detection in commercial applications. Commercial application of genetic testing services is different from the medical legal relationship, applicable to contract legal relationship. In gene testing service, the principle of consent after informing and the principle of good faith are the basic principles, and there are civil legal theories to follow in the principle of imputation. The third chapter discusses the civil liability patterns of gene detection institutions from the two aspects of different subjects and different periods. Genetic testing institutions are independently or severally liable because of the different forms of reference. Based on the corresponding civil liability at different stages before, during and after testing, the genetic testing institution may be liable for breach of the principal payment obligation in the service contract, from the obligation of payment or collateral obligation, or for false advertising, Infringement of the right of privacy of the subject shall be liable for infringement. In this paper, genetic testing service is brought into the scope of adjustment of contract legal relationship and tort legal relationship, and the consumers who seek genetic testing service can claim legal remedy under the existing civil law norm system. In the period of protection of public rights and interests and commercial innovation and development to achieve a balance between the mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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