精神损害赔偿在刑事案件中适用问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 10:50

  本文选题：精神损害赔偿 + 人格权　； 参考：《南昌大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：精神损害赔偿制度是民事侵权赔偿制度中最重要的部分之一,但是我国立法还没有认可在刑事案件中适用该制度。精神损害赔偿制度是指自然人因不法侵害而遭受精神痛苦后要求侵害人通过金钱赔偿的方式进行补偿和救济的民事法律制度。该制度以补偿为主要功能、以金钱赔偿为手段、重视法官自由裁量。目前许多国家都主张该制度可以适用于刑事犯罪造成被害人精神损害的情形。但我国在刑事立法上对此并不赞同,立法者想要以刑罚代替赔偿,强调社会利益而剥夺个体利益。这种观点很难立足,刑罚和赔偿是两种性质不同的责任方式,不能互相替代,刑事法律无权剥夺被害人的民事权利。在刑事领域适用精神损害赔偿制度不仅有利于协调法律内部矛盾,完善损害赔偿制度,防止同案不同判的现象,也是保障人权、打击犯罪的有效手段,符合私法自治和公平正义原则的要求。在刑事领域适用该制度必须坚持以下原则:充分保护被害人合法权益、公平、补偿为主抚慰为辅。在原则指导下明确适用范围、责任构成要件、权利主体、赔偿义务人及救济程序等,对于确定赔偿金额可以采用新的人工智能的计算方式,被害人积极履行赔偿义务时可以在量刑方面考虑从轻处罚。
[Abstract]:The system of compensation for mental damage is one of the most important parts in the civil tort compensation system, but the legislation of our country has not yet approved the application of the system in criminal cases. The system of compensation for moral damage refers to the civil legal system in which natural persons are required to compensate and remedy by means of pecuniary compensation after suffering mental suffering due to unlawful infringement. The system regards compensation as its main function and monetary compensation as its means. At present, many countries advocate that the system can be applied to the situation of mental injury caused by criminal offence. However, our criminal legislation does not agree with this, legislators want to replace compensation with punishment, emphasizing social interests and depriving individual interests. It is difficult to base on this view. Penalty and compensation are two different kinds of responsibility, which can not be replaced by each other. The criminal law has no right to deprive the victim of civil rights. The application of the system of compensation for mental damage in the criminal field is not only conducive to coordinating the internal contradictions of the law, perfecting the system of compensation for damages, and preventing the phenomenon of different judgments in the same case, but also an effective means of protecting human rights and cracking down on crime. It conforms to the requirements of the principle of autonomy of private law and the principle of fairness and justice. To apply the system in the criminal field, we must adhere to the following principles: fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of the victims, be fair, and give priority to compensation and comfort. Under the guidance of the principle, the scope of application, the constitutive requirements of liability, the subject of rights, the obligor of compensation and the procedure of relief, etc., can be calculated by new artificial intelligence to determine the amount of compensation. When the victim actively performs the obligation of compensation, he may consider the lighter punishment in the aspect of sentencing.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923
，

本文编号：1995542