胎儿不应有法律上利益——《民法总则草案》第16条质疑

发布时间：2018-06-10 01:52

本文选题：胎儿利益 + 人身权延伸保护　；参考：《东方法学》2017年01期

【摘要】：主体本质上是意志之存在形式。欠缺行为能力人以监护人意志为意志。拟制主体以法定代表人职务行为意志为意志。法律定分止争之适用范围限于法律主体,本质上限于意志。所谓人格、主体资格、权利能力,均以意志为其充要条件和唯一根据。权利能力存续期间即意志存续期间,就现代人而言,只能始于出生,终于死亡。民法之利益即归属之财产,归属者即法律主体。如胎儿有自己的利益,即为主体,但在很多情况下,法律将无法区分归属胎儿的行为后果与归属其母亲的行为后果,丧失定分止争功能,监护制度不适用于胎儿。遗产分割时保留胎儿的预留份额,是使胎儿活产后与其他继承人享有平等继承资格。保护胎儿在法理上是保护胎儿出生后的权利。
[Abstract]:The subject is essentially a form of will. The incapacitated person takes the will of the guardian as his will. The fictitious subject acts with the will of the legal representative. The scope of application of the legal division dispute is limited to the subject of law and, in essence, to will. So-called personality, subject qualification, right ability, all take will as its sufficient and necessary condition and sole basis. As far as modern people are concerned, the existence of power and ability, that is, the period of will, can only begin with birth and finally die. The interest of civil law is the property to which it belongs, and the ascription is the subject of law. If the fetus has its own interests, that is, as the subject, but in many cases, the law will not be able to distinguish the consequences of the behavior belonging to the fetus from the consequences of the act of belonging to its mother, and lose the function of dividing the fetus and ending the dispute, and the guardianship system will not be applicable to the fetus. To keep the reserved share of the fetus in the division of the estate is to make the fetal live postpartum equal with the other heirs. To protect the fetus is to protect the right of the fetus after birth.
【作者单位】：华东政法大学法律学院;
【基金】：上海市教委第五期重点学科(项目号J51104)建设之阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：D923

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