我国典当业法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 03:34

本文选题：典当 + 典当行　；参考：《宁波大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：典当业在中外均具有悠久的历史,在现代则发展成为专门以物为质押、抵押融资的特殊金融业,在现代金融体系中具有不可或缺的地位。典当业在1600多年的发展过程中,曾经有过辉煌的历史,也曾经衰落过,但终究未曾被历史所湮没。现代社会,自从出现商品经济之后,随着经济的日益发展以及呈现出来的重要态势,人们对于融资的需求越来越迫切,伴随着典当行业的出现,一定程度上缓解了人们融资难、周转不易的困难局面,因此典当行业也因此有了存在与发展的经济基础和社会基础。在金融业高度繁荣发达的现代社会,典当业的三项特征:只贷不存、以物质钱和流质(押)契约规则的适用使其成为典当业制度的根本特色,也是其与相关借贷融资行业相比所具有的独特优势。中国近三十年来典当业的曲折发展,正说明了其自身发展存在的弊端:我们可以看到典当业总体上呈现出不断向上的发展趋势,但是直至目前为止,我国对此制度并没有出台专门的立法予以规范,同时,既存的规章制度不仅效力比较低,还与上位法形成冲突,因此实务操作中一旦出现纠纷往往难于处理。随着时代的发展变化,典当营业已从多方面发生了变化,当物的经营范围不断扩大、典当法律关系的实现方式不断增加,并且典当业的纠纷也更复杂化,对于典当业本身来说,不仅是一个转变自身营业模式的契机,同时也对如何有效地进行转变提出了更高的要求。本文将根据我国典当业目前存在的实际情况,从典当的基本法律关系、典当的历史演变和社会经济价值、以及我国典当实践中存在的不足等方面进行分析、研究,并由此提出改善的建议和对策。全文将分为四大方面进行阐述:第一部分,首先阐述与典当制度相关的基本法律问题。在对典、当概念、性质、基本要素进行界定的基础上,对典当进行明确的定义,作为整篇文章的理论支撑点。第二部分,继而阐述我国典当业的历史演变过程及其存在的社会经济价值。首先,对我国典当业从古至今的历史演变过程进行细致的梳理,共可分为四个时期;接着引出典当业在我国整个金融机构体系中存在的实际价值,这也是典当业至今呈现出生机勃勃势态的原因。第三部分,阐述我国目前典当实践之现状。典当业存在着多种问题,如:法理上的误区、立法上的不足以及实践中难以操作的房屋典当问题、典当经营比较混乱,暴露出的许多法律问题亟待解决。第四部分,阐述健全、完善我国典当业制度的可行对策。在前面三部分对典当业进行全面探讨、研究的基础上,根据典当业目前的实际发展,提出立法建议,并辅之以其他具体的建议。
[Abstract]:Pawnbroker has a long history both at home and abroad. In modern times, pawnbroking has developed into a special financial industry with special collateral and mortgage financing, which plays an indispensable role in the modern financial system. Pawnbroking industry in the development of more than 1600 years, there has been a brilliant history, has also declined, but after all has not been annihilated by history. Since the emergence of commodity economy in modern society, with the development of economy and the important situation, people's demand for financing is becoming more and more urgent. With the emergence of pawnbroker industry, the difficulty of financing has been alleviated to a certain extent. Turnover is difficult, so the pawn industry also has the existence and development of the economic and social basis. In the modern society where the financial industry is highly prosperous and developed, there are three characteristics of pawnbroking: only lending and not saving, and making it the fundamental characteristic of pawnbroking system by the application of the rules of material money and liquid (pledge) contract. It is also a unique advantage compared with the related lending and financing industry. The zigzag development of pawnbroking in China in the past 30 years has illustrated the disadvantages of its own development: we can see that the pawnbroking industry as a whole shows a trend of continuous upward development, but up to now, Our country has not issued special legislation to regulate this system, at the same time, the existing rules and regulations are not only less effective, but also conflict with the upper law, so once there is a dispute in practice, it is often difficult to deal with. With the development of the times, the pawn business has changed from many aspects. The scope of operation of the pawnshop has been expanded constantly, the way to realize the legal relationship of pawn has been increasing, and the disputes of pawnbroking have become more complicated. For the pawnbroker itself, It is not only an opportunity to change one's own business model, but also a higher demand for effective transformation. According to the actual situation of pawnbroking in our country, this paper will analyze the basic legal relationship of pawn, the historical evolution and social economic value of pawn, and the deficiency of pawn practice in our country. Suggestions and countermeasures for improvement are put forward. The full text will be divided into four aspects: the first part, the pawn system related to the basic legal issues. On the basis of defining the concept, nature and basic elements of the book, pawn is defined as the theoretical support point of the whole article. The second part, then expounds the historical evolution of pawnbroking and its social and economic value. First of all, the historical evolution of pawnbroking industry in China from ancient times to the present is carefully combed, which can be divided into four periods, and then leads to the actual value of pawnbroking industry in the whole financial institution system of our country. This is also the reason why the pawnbroking industry has taken on a dynamic state. The third part expounds the present situation of pawn practice in our country. There are many problems in pawnbroking, such as the misunderstanding of legal theory, the deficiency of legislation and the problem of house pawn which is difficult to operate in practice, the operation of pawnshop is quite confused, and many legal problems are exposed to be solved urgently. The fourth part, elaborate perfect, perfect our country pawnbroker system feasible countermeasure. In the first three parts of the pawnbroking business comprehensive discussion, on the basis of research, according to the actual development of pawnbroking industry, put forward legislative proposals, and supplemented by other specific suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

【相似文献】