论物债二分体系下的无权处分

发布时间：2018-06-15 21:55

本文选题：物债二分体系 + 无权处分　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：物权债权区分的理论是大陆法系国家采用的,用以划分私法领域中财产权制度规范,使物权和债权成为大陆法系国家中最重要的两项财产权利,并使物债二分的体系成为大陆法系国家财产法最为常见的模式。1900年,《德国民法典》以物债二分的体系,规定了物权与债权这两种内容、性质、目的完全不同的权利,使其成为财产权体系下最重要的两大基石。物债二分体系的做法,不仅为大陆法系国家法律体系的构建提供了模版,也使得民法中的特定利益关系类型化,便于法律规范的形成和裁判规则的确立。故应在物债二分的架构之下,对民法之基本问题进行思考和研究。无权处分行为及其处理规则是法学研究及司法实践的重要内容,关涉复杂的理论学说以及多层次的利益关系。随着社会经济生活的发展,司法实践中出现许多无权处分他人之物的实例,而认定无权处分合同的效力及物的归属问题比较困难,现行法律规定尚不完备,实践中未形成成熟的处理方法,理论层面也存有诸多的争议。我们对无权处分效力认识之深浅,影响着实践中无权处分行为的处理,故有必要对无权处分的内容和效力进行研究。本文在物债二分体系的前提下,以无权处分行为为研究重点,将无权处分行为物和债方面的效力二分,作为文章写作的基本路径,在物、债方面对其理论内涵、效力及相关问题进行探讨,并结合我国的具体规定和理论研究,总结现有规定的不足并探索解决的方案。除绪论外,文章包括五部分:第一部分,物债二分体系下无权处分的概述。本章对物债二分体系的溯源、物债区分理论以及无权处分行为的基本理论进行论述。以物债区分理论的产生、发展和物债二分体系的确立为着手点,分析罗马法所产生的权利形态、后代学者研究和发展的成果,以及物债二分体系的确立,对于法律体系的建构和裁判规则的形成所具有的意义。最后,对无权处分的定义、理论构成及相关问题进行论述。第二部分,比较法上的无权处分。本章以大陆法系国家中,未采用物债二分体系的法国和采用物债二分体系的德国为典型,对无权处分之规定及效力进行论述,并以我国现行规定为对象进行比较。以法国为代表的债权意思主义、以德国为代表的物权形式主义物权变动模式下,对无权处分合同效力的认定、标的物归属的确认和买受人救济的相关规定进行梳理后,总结其所具有的不同特色及价值取向。再结合我国现行法律对无权处分行为所作规定,在法律体系及法律内容的维度上进行比较分析。最后结合无权处分相关规定的释义、物权法上的效力和债法上的效力,对外国立法经验进行评价,以及对我国立法所产生的启示。第三部分,以物债区分的视角来看无权处分行为的效力。本章对债法上的效力、物权法上的效力,及物债区分理论和无权处分行为效力相关的问题进行论述。以物权和债权的区分作为着眼点,首先对债的效力进行分析,展现其效力性质和特点,并结合学界的研究,对每种债权形态的内容和特点进行总结。其次对物的效力内容、可能出现的三种物权效力状态及物权效力相关的问题进行论述。最后对物权行为理论和无权处分行为效力相关的问题进行论述。第四部分,针对无权处分处理规则体系的构造及善意取得制度的协调适用进行写作。本章仍然坚持物债区分的思维,对动产涉及的无权处分行为,特殊情形下不动产涉及的无权处分行为之处理规则进行详述,并以此为基础,对作为处理规则之一的善意取得制度进行论证和分析,对善意取得制度的产生背景、效果及原权利人救济等问题进行论述,引入善意判断的规范性论证。接着,选取了占有委托物、占有脱离物及共同共有关系中的无权处分行为作为写作对象,针对不同行为所表现的内容,结合学界现有的研究成果及法律规定进行写作。最后,以小结的形式总结物债二分体系对于解决无权处分这一问题所具有的优越性和不足。第五部分:结论。德国立法经验下,物债二分的做法具有优越性,可以清晰展现权利间内容和属性的差异,使各实体法间有泾渭分明的界线,有助构成逻辑严密的法律体系,解决实践中的难题。故无权处分行为规则体系的构建,应体现物、债和民法体系的相应要求。由于特定原因,我国未采取物权行为理论,未建立物债二分的体系,但存在现实上的需要,也具有切实的可行性。而采纳物权行为理论,以物债二分为基本思维,可构建更全面的处理规则体系。在物权行为规则中,引入道德价值分析可使善意取得制度与其处理规则体系、物权行为理论间建立内在地联系。而这种做法,对于解决无权处分问题具有其独特意义。
[Abstract]:The theory of the distinction between property rights and creditor's rights is adopted by the countries of the continental law system to divide the system of property rights in the field of private law, make the property and creditor's right become the most important two property rights in the civil law countries, and make the system of the two points of the material debt become the most common mode of property law of the civil law countries for.1900 years, and the German Civil Code > with the material debt. The system of two points stipulates the two contents of property and creditor's right, the nature and the completely different purpose, making it the most important two cornerstones under the system of property rights. The practice of the two system of material debt not only provides a template for the construction of the legal system of the civil law countries, but also makes the specific interests of the civil law typed and convenient for the law. The formation of norms and the establishment of the rules of refereeing. Therefore, we should think and study the basic problems of civil law under the framework of the two points of the material debt. The unauthorized disposition and its handling rules are the important contents of the legal research and judicial practice, and the complex theory and the multi-level interests. With the development of social and economic life, In judicial practice, there are many instances of unauthorized disposal of other people's objects, and the problem of the attribution of the validity and transitivity of the unauthorized disposition contract is relatively difficult, the current law is not complete, the practice has not formed a mature treatment method, and there are many disputes in the theory level. It is necessary to study the handling of unauthorized disposition, so it is necessary to study the content and effect of unauthorized disposition. Under the premise of the two system of material debt, this article focuses on the unauthorized disposition behavior, and divides the effect of unauthorized disposition and debt to two points, as the basic path of article writing, and its theoretical connotation, effect and phase in the aspects of material and debt. In addition to the introduction, the article includes five parts: the first part, the first part, the summary of the unauthorized disposition under the two system of material debt. This chapter is the source of the two system of the material debt, the theory of the distinction between the matter and debt and the basic disposition of the unauthorized disposition. The theory is discussed. Starting from the creation of the theory of the distinction between material debt, development and the establishment of the two system of material debt, it is necessary to analyze the form of rights produced by the law of Rome, the achievements of the research and development of the future generations of scholars and the establishment of the two system of material debt, which is of great significance to the construction of the legal system and the formation of the rules of judgment. The definition, the Theoretical Constitution and the related issues are discussed. The second part, the comparative law of the unauthorized disposition. In this chapter, in the countries of the continental law system, France and Germany, which have not used the material debt system in France and Germany, which adopt the two division of the material debt system, discuss the provisions and effects of the unauthorized disposition, and compare with the current regulations of our country. The creditor's right doctrine, represented by France, is based on the change mode of real right in real right, represented by Germany. After combing the confirmation of the validity of the unauthorized disposition contract, the confirmation of the attribution of the subject matter and the relevant provisions of the buyer's relief, it summarizes the different features and value orientation of the contract, and then combines the current law of our country to the unauthorized place. A comparative analysis of the legal system and the dimension of the legal content. Finally, it combines the interpretation of the relevant provisions of the unauthorized disposition, the effectiveness of the property law and the effectiveness of the debt law, the evaluation of the foreign legislative experience and the enlightenment to our country's legislation. The third part, in the perspective of the distinction between the material and the material debt, has no authority. This chapter deals with the effect of the law of the debt, the validity of the property law, the theory of the distinction between the transitive debt and the effect of the unauthorized disposition. The chapter takes the distinction between the property and the creditor's right as the point of view. First, the effect of the debt is analyzed, the nature and characteristics of its effectiveness are displayed, and the form of each kind of creditor's right is made in combination with the study of the academic circles. The contents and characteristics are summarized. Secondly, the content of the effect of the material, the three possible states of real right effect and the problems related to the effect of real right are discussed. Finally, the problems related to the theory of real right behavior and the effect of the unauthorized disposition are discussed. The fourth part is aimed at the construction of the rule system and the acquisition system of good faith in the non right division. This chapter still insists on the thinking of the distinction between material and debt, the unauthorized disposition of movable property and the rules of handling the unauthorized disposition of immovable property under special circumstances, and on the basis of which, the system of goodwill acquisition, as one of the rules of processing, is demonstrated and analyzed, and the system of acquisition in good faith is made. The background, the effect and the remedies of the original right person are discussed, and the normative argumentation of the good faith is introduced. Then, the author chooses the possessing principal, occupying the dispossessed and the unauthorized disposition in the common common relationship as the object of writing, according to the contents of the different behavior, and combining the existing research results and legal provisions of the academic circles. Finally, summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the two point system of material debt in the form of a summary. The fifth part: the conclusion. Under the German legislative experience, the two points of the material debt is superior, which can clearly show the difference between the content and the nature of the rights, so that there is a clear boundary between the various entity laws. It is helpful to form a logical system of logic and solve the difficult problems in practice. Therefore, the construction of the rule system of unauthorized disposition should reflect the corresponding requirements of the system of property, debt and civil law. Due to certain reasons, China has not adopted the theory of real right behavior and has not established a system of two points of material debt, but it has practical needs and practical feasibility. While adopting the theory of real right behavior, we can construct a more comprehensive system of handling rules with the basic thinking of the two division of property debt. In the rules of real right behavior, the introduction of moral value analysis can make the system of acquisition of bona fide relations with the system of handling the rules and the theory of real right behavior. Special meaning.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.2

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