论基因检测中未成年人的自我决定权保护

发布时间：2018-06-17 18:17

本文选题：基因检测 + 未成年人　；参考：《天津大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：未成年人基因检测关涉未成年人的基因医疗利益,对未成年人的健康成长及未来人生影响重大,其牵涉法律、医疗、伦理多个学科层面。实践中越来越多的案例表明,一刀切地认定未成年人均不具备医疗同意能力,完全由父母代为决定的基因检测并不能全面保护未成年人的基因医疗利益。未成年人在基因检测中的自我决定权是保护其基因相关权益的关键。但我国目前关于未成年人基因检测的法律规定近乎为零。依稀与之有关的民法及医事法的规定不具有针对性,且已不适应时代发展的需求,必须对未成年人基因检测利益的保护进行新的法律探索。未成年人基因检测有其自身的特殊性,遗传基因检测应以尊重未成年人的基因检测自我决定权为核心。在对未成年人的同意能力进行认定时,应采用年龄和成熟度相结合的标准建立三元划分体系,摒弃我国医事法中未成年人一律不具有知情同意能力的规定。未成年人基因检测自我决定权为一般人格权,其权利内容包括未成年受检者对基因检测程序启动的自决、基因检测程序中各环节的自决、检体保存与销毁的自决以及检测基因信息的保密自决。未成年人基因检测自我决定权并不是无限制的绝对权利,该项权利的行使应让位于他人的重大生命健康利益和公共利益,在与后者发生冲突时应让位于后者。在由父母代为决定的场合,父母的代为决定权应以基因检测符合未成年人的最佳利益为标准;对不符合未成年受检者医疗利益的基因检测决定,检测方有义务予以拒绝。此外,在基因检测的过程中应确立检测医师的中立地位,明确检测方对未成年人的基因检测义务,正确引导检测方保护未成年人的基因检测自我决定权。基因检测立法中应科学划定未成年人基因检测的疾病范围,并建立未成年人基因信息保护制度。
[Abstract]:The genetic detection of minors is related to the medical benefits of minors, and has a great impact on the healthy growth and future life of minors. It involves many disciplines, such as law, medical treatment and ethics. In practice, more and more cases show that all minors do not have the ability of medical consent, and the genetic testing determined by parents can not fully protect the genetic medical interests of minors. The self-decision right of minors in genetic testing is the key to protect their gene-related rights and interests. However, the current legal provisions on minor genetic testing in China are near zero. The provisions of civil law and medical law which are vaguely related to them have no pertinence and can not meet the needs of the development of the times. Therefore, it is necessary to make a new legal exploration on the protection of the interests of gene testing for minors. The genetic detection of minors has its own particularity, and the core of genetic detection should be to respect the self-decision of minors. In determining the consent ability of minors, we should adopt the standard of age and maturity to establish a ternary division system, and abandon the stipulation that all minors do not have informed consent ability in our medical law. The right of minors to determine themselves for genetic testing is a general personality right. The content of the right includes the self-determination of the minors' initiation of the genetic testing procedure, and the self-determination of each link in the genetic testing procedure. Self-determination of the preservation and destruction of the body and the confidentiality of the detection of genetic information. It is not an unlimited absolute right for minors to decide themselves on genetic testing. The exercise of this right should give way to the vital health interests and public interests of others and to the latter in case of conflict with the latter. In the situation decided by the parents, the decision of the parents should be based on the best interests of the minor, and the testing party has the obligation to reject the decision which does not accord with the medical interests of the minor. In addition, the neutral position of the examiner should be established in the process of gene detection, the duty of the testing party to the minor should be clarified, and the right to guide the examiner to protect the minor's self-determination of the gene test should be correctly guided. In the legislation of gene detection, we should scientifically define the disease scope of minor gene detection, and establish the protection system of minor gene information.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.183;D922.16

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