监护人对未成年人侵权行为的替代责任研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 11:09

本文选题：监护人 + 未成年人　；参考：《新疆师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国经济和社会生活迅猛发展的今天,未成年人参与的社会活动越来越多。但是未成年人处于成长状态,智力还没成熟,对自身行为的社会后果缺乏认识,因而实施侵犯他人权益的侵权行为。最近几年来,未成年人侵权案件呈现明显的上升趋势,侵权形态也多样化。根据我国法律的规定,未成年人侵权,未成年人是侵权人,而承担侵权责任的是其监护人,监护人对其监护之下的未成年人的侵权行为承担侵权责任。我国现行法律中,监护人对未成年人侵权行为的替代责任制度存在许多模糊之处,法律对此规定也相对简陋且存在缺陷,对未成年人监护人来说是过于苛刻有失公允,导致了监护人过于限制未成年人的自由发展空间,严重影响了未成年人的健康成长和自由发展。我国关于监护人对未成年人侵权行为的替代责任问题在《侵权责任法》第32条中规定的,这些规定比较机械、笼统,可操作性不强,使该责任制度无论在理论上,还是在实践中存在着许多缺陷和不足。本文分析我国目前立法中监护人替代责任存在的问题,阐述监护人对未成年人侵权行为替代责任的法律界定,通过比较国外法关于监护人替代责任的归责原则、抗辩事由等方面的规定,指出我国监护人对未成年人侵权行为的替代责任制度存在的缺陷,最后针对监护人替代责任制度提出完善建议。本文正文共分四个部分:第一部分是监护人对未成年人侵权行为的替代责任的相关理论,主要阐述监护人对未成年人侵权行为的替代责任的定义、特征、构成要件、归责原则、抗辩事由等理论问题。第二部分是国外监护人替代责任的比较与借鉴,通过介绍和比较德国、意大利,日本、荷兰、美国、英国等一些国家在监护人对未成年人侵权行为的替代责任方面的相关立法,从中得出启示,为完善我国监护人替代责任制度提供借鉴。第三部分主要阐述了我国监护人替代责任制度的现状和存在的问题。存在的问题主要是现行立法对未成年人监护人替代责任的规定不够完善,配套制度不够健全。第四部分是完善我国监护人对未成年人侵权行为的替代责任制度的建议。针对存在的问题,结合国外有益经验,提出了完善监护人替代责任的具体建议。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economic and social life in China today, minors participate in more and more social activities. However, minors are in the state of growth, intelligence is not mature, lack of understanding of the social consequences of their own behavior, so the infringement of the rights and interests of others. In recent years, juvenile tort cases show an obvious upward trend, infringement forms are also diversified. According to the law of our country, the minor is the tortfeasor, and the guardian bears the tort liability for the infringing act of the minor under his guardianship. In the current law of our country, there are many ambiguities in the system of substitute liability of guardian for minor's tort, and the law is also relatively simple and defective, which is too harsh and unfair to the guardian of minor. It causes the guardian to restrict the free development space of the minor, which seriously affects the healthy growth and free development of the minor. In our country, the substitute liability of guardian to minor tort is stipulated in Article 32 of the Tort liability Law. These provisions are mechanical, general and not operable, so that the liability system can be used in theory. There are still many defects and deficiencies in practice. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the present legislation of our country, expounds the legal definition of the guardian's substitute liability for the minor tort, and compares the principles of imputation of the guardian's substitute liability with foreign law. The article points out the defects of the system of the substitute liability of guardian to the minor tort, and finally puts forward some suggestions for the perfection of the system of the substitute responsibility of guardian. The main body of this paper is divided into four parts: the first part is the relevant theory of the guardian's substitute liability for the minor tort, which mainly expounds the definition, characteristics, constitutive elements and imputation principle of the guardian's substitute responsibility for the minor tort. A theoretical question such as a defense. The second part is the comparison and reference of the foreign guardian substitution liability, through the introduction and comparison of Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, the United States, the United Kingdom and other countries in the guardian of minor infringement of alternative liability legislation. From the enlightenment, provide reference for perfecting the system of substitute responsibility of guardian in our country. The third part mainly expounds the present situation and existing problems of the system of guardian substitute responsibility in our country. The main problems are that the existing legislation is not perfect and the supporting system is not perfect. The fourth part is to perfect our country guardian to the minor tort substitution liability system suggestion. In view of the existing problems and combined with the beneficial experience of foreign countries, the author puts forward some concrete suggestions to perfect the guardian's substitute responsibility.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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