物权编如何设计抵押权顺位规则

发布时间：2018-06-28 18:08

本文选题：抵押权 + 顺位　；参考：《法学杂志》2017年10期

【摘要】：抵押权的顺位及其权利系相对独立的民事权益,可以转让、放弃、变更,且在损害赔偿场合有助于计算不法行为给抵押权人造成损失的数额,但不可脱离抵押权而孤立地存在,也不会在抵押权消失时仍然存续。抵押登记是确定抵押权顺位的首要标准,但在不以登记为生效要件的动产抵押权、浮动抵押权场合,各个抵押权的顺位相同,除非其中有的办理了抵押登记。在我国现行法上,抵押权的预告登记不是确定抵押权顺位的根据,开始编纂的中国民法典应当承继这种理念。我国现行法采取抵押权的顺位升进主义,实务运作也熟悉于此,编纂民法典时应予承继,顺理成章。抵押权及其顺位权为非专属性的财产权,故未来的中国民法典承认抵押权顺位的转让,不存在法理上的障碍。我国现行法认可了抵押权顺位的绝对放弃,这与抵押权的顺位升进主义相一致,未来的中国民法典可以承继。我国现行法承认抵押权顺位的变更,但不完善,编纂中国民法典应当克服这个缺点。
[Abstract]:The ranking of the mortgage and its rights are relatively independent civil rights and interests, which can be transferred, abandoned or changed, and can be used to calculate the amount of losses caused to the mortgagee by the illegal act on the occasion of damages, but they cannot exist in isolation from the mortgage. Nor will it survive when the mortgage disappears. Mortgage registration is the primary standard to determine the ranking of mortgage rights, but in the case of movable mortgage, floating mortgage, the order of each mortgage is the same unless some of them handle mortgage registration. In the current law of our country, the advance registration of mortgage is not the basis of determining the order of mortgage, and the Chinese Civil Code, which began to codify it, should inherit this idea. The current law of our country adopts the progressive doctrine of mortgage, and the practical operation is familiar with it. Mortgage and its ranking right are non-exclusive property rights, so the future Chinese Civil Code recognizes the transfer of mortgage right, there are no legal obstacles. The current law of our country has approved the absolute abandonment of the right of mortgage, which is consistent with the progressive doctrine of the right of mortgage, and the future Chinese civil code can be inherited. The current law of our country recognizes the change of the order of mortgage, but it is not perfect. The codification of Chinese civil code should overcome this shortcoming.
【作者单位】：暨南大学法学院;
【基金】：国家哲学社会科学基金重点项目“法学方法论与中国民商法研究”(项目编号:13AZD065) 清华大学自主科研计划课题“中国民法典编纂重大理论问题研究”(项目编号:2015THZWJC01)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D923.2

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