建设施工合同中的“实际施工人”问题研究
发布时间：2018-07-16 19:02
【摘要】：建设施工行业的违法分包、转包等现象日益突出,为间接保护农民工的合法权益,根据《最高人民法院关于审理建设工程施工合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》(以下简称《解释》)赋予了实际施工人多项权利,比如向发包人直接主张工程款的权利等。然而,在该《解释》明文规定实际施工人权利时,也引发了关于实际施工人的理论和实务问题。本文从反映实际施工人最突出的四个问题着手来写,就如法官在审理一个真实案件一般:第一部分,首先判断在建设施工合同纠纷中是否存在实际施工人。在理论和实务上对实际施工人的认识存在不同的观点,比较不同观点的长处和不足。本文没有提出关于实际施工人含义界定的观点,而是创造性的提出了关于实际施工人类型的新观点,同时,也从反面排除了不属于实际施工人的情形。第二部分,确定建设施工合同中存在实际施工人之后,接着就要分析实际施工人在进行施工建设过程中发生法律关系。在建设施工合同中,不仅仅会发生发包人与承包人之间的关系,还会发生实际施工人与发包人、承包人之间的关系,这一部分是分析实际施工人问题的前提和基础,同时,对实际施工人问题的解决提出本文建议也是建立在此部分基础之上的,这一部分的重要性不言而喻。第三部分,在了解法律关系之后,就应明确在施工合同无效时实际施工人享有的权利和要承担的义务。重点阐述与实际施工人有关的三个突出问题,即发包人向实际施工人主张权利的性质、实际施工人的建设工程优先受偿权问题以及实务中对实际施工人缴纳管理费的不同处理。此部分罗列了针对每个问题不同的理论观点或实务主张,也分析了不同观点的优劣,进一步提出本文对处理这些问题的观点。第四部分,提出对实际施工人有关问题解决的建议。从制度层面反思和分析实际施工人产生的原因,提出来现阶段解决实际施工人问题的建议(即对《解释》的补充和明确)和未来阶段处理实际施工人问题的建议(即对制度性风险如何承担的建议),特别是未来阶段处理实际施工人问题的建议比较宏观,目的在于从法理的角度,为解决实际施工人问题提供一个方向性建议,以供参考。
[Abstract]:Illegal subcontracting and subcontracting in the construction industry are becoming increasingly prominent, in order to indirectly protect the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers, According to the interpretation of the Supreme people's Court on the legal issues applicable to the trial of construction contract disputes (hereinafter referred to as "interpretation"), many rights have been granted to the actual constructors, such as the right to claim the project funds directly to the contractor, and so on. However, when the interpretation clearly stipulates the rights of the actual constructors, it also raises theoretical and practical problems about the actual constructors. This paper begins with four problems that reflect the actual constructor, just as the judge is trying a real case: the first part is to judge the existence of the actual constructor in the dispute over the construction contract. In theory and practice, there are different views on the cognition of practical constructors, and the advantages and disadvantages of different viewpoints are compared. This paper does not put forward the idea of defining the meaning of the actual constructor, but creatively puts forward a new viewpoint on the type of the actual constructor, and at the same time, excludes the situation that does not belong to the actual constructor from the opposite side. In the second part, after determining the existence of actual constructors in the construction contract, it is necessary to analyze the legal relationship between the actual constructors in the process of construction and construction. In the construction contract, not only will the relationship between the contractor and the contractor occur, but also the relationship between the actual constructor and the contractor. This part is the premise and basis of analyzing the actual constructor's problems, at the same time, The suggestion of solving the problem of actual constructor is also based on this part, and the importance of this part is self-evident. The third part, after understanding the legal relationship, we should make clear the rights and obligations of the actual constructors when the construction contract is invalid. Three outstanding problems related to the actual constructor, namely, the nature of the right claimed by the contractor to the actual constructor, the priority of the constructor's right to be reimbursed for the construction project, and the different treatment of the actual constructor's management fee in practice are expounded. This part lists different theoretical or practical viewpoints for each problem, analyzes the merits and demerits of different viewpoints, and further puts forward the views of this paper on how to deal with these problems. In the fourth part, the author puts forward some suggestions to solve the problems of actual constructors. Reflecting on and analyzing the causes of the actual constructors from the system level, Proposals for solving the problem of actual constructors at this stage (i.e., supplementing and clarifying the interpretation) and for dealing with the problem of actual constructors in the future (i.e., recommendations on how to assume institutional risks), especially in the future The proposals for dealing with the problem of actual constructors at this stage are relatively macroscopic. The purpose of this paper is to provide a directional suggestion for solving the problem of practical constructors from the point of view of legal theory.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6
本文编号：2127371
[Abstract]:Illegal subcontracting and subcontracting in the construction industry are becoming increasingly prominent, in order to indirectly protect the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers, According to the interpretation of the Supreme people's Court on the legal issues applicable to the trial of construction contract disputes (hereinafter referred to as "interpretation"), many rights have been granted to the actual constructors, such as the right to claim the project funds directly to the contractor, and so on. However, when the interpretation clearly stipulates the rights of the actual constructors, it also raises theoretical and practical problems about the actual constructors. This paper begins with four problems that reflect the actual constructor, just as the judge is trying a real case: the first part is to judge the existence of the actual constructor in the dispute over the construction contract. In theory and practice, there are different views on the cognition of practical constructors, and the advantages and disadvantages of different viewpoints are compared. This paper does not put forward the idea of defining the meaning of the actual constructor, but creatively puts forward a new viewpoint on the type of the actual constructor, and at the same time, excludes the situation that does not belong to the actual constructor from the opposite side. In the second part, after determining the existence of actual constructors in the construction contract, it is necessary to analyze the legal relationship between the actual constructors in the process of construction and construction. In the construction contract, not only will the relationship between the contractor and the contractor occur, but also the relationship between the actual constructor and the contractor. This part is the premise and basis of analyzing the actual constructor's problems, at the same time, The suggestion of solving the problem of actual constructor is also based on this part, and the importance of this part is self-evident. The third part, after understanding the legal relationship, we should make clear the rights and obligations of the actual constructors when the construction contract is invalid. Three outstanding problems related to the actual constructor, namely, the nature of the right claimed by the contractor to the actual constructor, the priority of the constructor's right to be reimbursed for the construction project, and the different treatment of the actual constructor's management fee in practice are expounded. This part lists different theoretical or practical viewpoints for each problem, analyzes the merits and demerits of different viewpoints, and further puts forward the views of this paper on how to deal with these problems. In the fourth part, the author puts forward some suggestions to solve the problems of actual constructors. Reflecting on and analyzing the causes of the actual constructors from the system level, Proposals for solving the problem of actual constructors at this stage (i.e., supplementing and clarifying the interpretation) and for dealing with the problem of actual constructors in the future (i.e., recommendations on how to assume institutional risks), especially in the future The proposals for dealing with the problem of actual constructors at this stage are relatively macroscopic. The purpose of this paper is to provide a directional suggestion for solving the problem of practical constructors from the point of view of legal theory.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6
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