遗嘱执行人制度的构建

发布时间：2018-08-19 11:38

【摘要】：我国《继承法》是1985年颁布实施的,其制定于计划经济年代,由于受历史和认识等诸多因素的局限,以及民事立法客观上存在“宜粗不宜细”的指导思想,导致这部法律的规定和内容过于原则化和粗糙。该部法律颁布以来一直没有修订,且最高人民法院关于贯彻执行《中华人民共和国继承法》若干问题的意见(简称：贯彻执行《继承法》的意见)自1985年9月11日施行以来,亦没有发布新的司法解释。随着我国经济的发展和《物权法》的颁布,以及社会生活和经济交往的日益复杂化,《继承法》已无法满足保护公民私有财产权益的需求,尤其我国《继承法》没有建立完善的遗嘱执行制度,使得诸多遗嘱无法按照遗嘱人的真实意思实现,无法充分发挥遗产效能,更不能有效解决有关遗嘱继承纠纷。本文通过研究、分析遗嘱执行人的价值、资格、产生方式等,结合我国遗嘱执行人制度的现状和存在的问题,借鉴国外和其他地区的经验,为完善我国遗嘱执行人制度及《民法典》·继承篇提供参考。本文共分五个部分：第一部分,导入案例与问题的提出。通过设计、分析案例,对欠缺遗嘱执行人的情形下,可能出现哪些问题进行罗列并简要提出处理方法,进而导出构建和完善遗嘱执行人制度的重要性和必要性。第二部分,遗嘱执行人制度的价值。首先介绍学者们对遗嘱执行人制度有关概念不同的表述,然后对遗嘱执行人制度之有关概念作出自己的界定。其次分析、评价了不同学者对遗嘱执行人法律地位的主张,并对遗嘱执行人之法律地位提出自己的看法。最后介绍了遗嘱执行人制度的历史沿革以及构建遗嘱执行人制度的价值。第三部分,遗嘱执行人制度的比较考察。通过分析、比较我国香港、澳门、台湾地区及其他国家的遗嘱执行人制度以及遗嘱信托制度的相同点和不同点,为完善我国遗嘱执行人法律制度提供参考。第四部分,遗嘱执行人的产生。从遗嘱执行人的资格、产生方式以及遗嘱执行人的任职与拒绝方面,阐述了哪些机构和人员可以作为遗嘱执行人,遗嘱执行人产生的一般方式和特殊方式,以及遗嘱执行人接受任职或拒绝就职的表示方式。第五部分,遗嘱执行人的权利、义务、责任。全面介绍了各学者及各个国家和地区关于遗嘱执行人权利、义务和责任内容的总结,并逐一加以分析、阐释及提出自己的观点,最终展现出遗嘱执行人应享有哪些权利、履行哪些义务、应承担什么责任。
[Abstract]:The inheritance Law of our country was promulgated and implemented in 1985. It was formulated in the planned economy era. Because of the limitation of history and cognition, and the existence of the guiding ideology of "should be coarse rather than detailed" objectively in civil legislation. The provisions and contents of this law are too principled and crude. The Law has not been amended since its promulgation, and the opinions of the Supreme people's Court on the implementation of the succession Law of the people's Republic of China (abbreviated as "opinions on the implementation of the inheritance Law") have been in force since 11 September 1985. Nor has a new judicial interpretation been issued. With the development of Chinese economy and the promulgation of Real right Law, as well as the increasing complexity of social life and economic exchanges, the inheritance Law has been unable to meet the needs of protecting the private property rights and interests of citizens. Especially, China's inheritance Law has not established a perfect testamentary execution system, which makes many wills can not be realized according to the testator's true intention, can not give full play to the efficiency of the inheritance, and can not effectively resolve the disputes about testamentary succession. Through the research, this paper analyzes the value, qualification, production mode of the executor, combining with the present situation and existing problems of the executor system in our country, drawing lessons from the experience of foreign countries and other regions. It provides reference for perfecting the system of executor and succession of Civil Code in China. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part, the introduction of cases and questions raised. By designing and analyzing cases, this paper lists the possible problems in the absence of executors, and puts forward briefly the methods to deal with them, and then deduces the importance and necessity of constructing and perfecting the executor system. The second part, the value of executor system. This paper first introduces the different definitions of executor system by scholars, and then defines the concept of executor system. Secondly, it evaluates the opinions of different scholars on the legal status of executors, and puts forward their own views on the legal status of executors. Finally, it introduces the history of executor system and the value of constructing executor system. The third part, the comparative investigation of executor system. Through the analysis, the author compares the executor system and the testamentary trust system in Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and other countries, and provides reference for perfecting the legal system of executor in our country. The fourth part, the generation of executor. From the aspects of the qualification of executor, the way of producing and the appointment and rejection of executor, this paper expounds which organizations and personnel can be used as executor, the general way and special way of producing executor. And the manner in which the executor accepts office or refuses to take office. The fifth part, the executor's rights, obligations and responsibilities. This paper introduces the summarization of the content of the executor's rights, duties and responsibilities by various scholars and countries and regions, and analyzes it one by one, explains and puts forward his own views, and finally shows what rights the executor should enjoy. What are the obligations to be fulfilled, and what are the responsibilities to be assumed?
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.5

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