论人格权的概念及在民法中的地位
发布时间：2018-08-28 17:18
【摘要】：人格权的发展经历了漫长的历史演变过程,其中最值得关注的,就是人格权从保护身份等级制度到保护人之为人的观念变化,而这种变化,是与私法中“人”的概念分不开的。从罗马法中的“人可非人”,到现代民法主体制度中的“非人可人”,这不仅是人权发展的结果,更暗含了人格权制度的发展趋势:人格权是一个开放性的概念,它的主体和内容均处于不断的扩张之中,但归根究底,人格权依旧是立足于保护人之自由、人之尊严的价值基础之上的。本文通篇论述均服务于两个设问:人格权在民法中是否享有独立权利地位,以及人格权在民法典中是否应当独立成编。笔者首先按照“人、人格、人格权”的逻辑推理过程,通过对人格权概念的深入剖析,明确人格权的主体、客体、特征及与宪法权利的关系,经过全面的理论铺垫以及正反两方面的论证,得出人格权作为独立民事权利的结论。在人格权是否应独立成编的问题上,由于人格权的权利地位一章已经从理论上论证了人格权法定,为避免重复,笔者主要从立法技术上进行探讨。由于我国目前对人格权的保护主要是依靠侵权责任法,而侵权法中对人格权类型的列举也是相对最全面的,因此人格权与侵权责任法的重复和冲突的问题十分突出;此外,梁慧星教授还提出,人格权的内容十分单薄,独立成编将造成各分则之间不成比例。笔者针对这两个现实性的问题,首先从人格权当为设权性质的法律的角度,解答了与救济性质的侵权责任法的关系:互补而非冲突;其次,通过借鉴人大版《学者建议稿》中的人格权立法模式以及物权法的结构,得出人格权法应由“总则+一般条款+具体人格权”三部分组成,并应具有比重更加倾斜的总则部分的结论。
[Abstract]:The development of personality right has gone through a long historical evolution process, among which the most worthy of attention is the change of the concept of personality right from the protection of the status hierarchy system to the protection of the person as a person, which is inseparable from the concept of "person" in private law. From "people can not be human" in Roman law, to "not person and person" in the subject system of modern civil law, this is not only the result of the development of human rights, but also implies the development trend of personality right system: personality right is an open concept. Its subject and content are constantly expanding, but in the final analysis, the right of personality is still based on the value of protecting human freedom and human dignity. The whole article is devoted to two questions: whether the personality right has the independent right status in the civil law and whether the personality right should be made up independently in the civil code. First of all, according to the logical reasoning process of "person, personality right", through the thorough analysis of the concept of personality right, the author clarifies the subject, object, characteristic and the relation with constitutional right of personality right. The conclusion that personality right is an independent civil right is concluded through comprehensive theoretical foundation and both positive and negative arguments. On the question of whether personality right should be made up independently, because the right status of personality right has been theoretically proved that personality right is legal, in order to avoid repetition, the author mainly discusses from legislation technology. At present, the protection of personality right in our country mainly depends on tort liability law, and the enumeration of personality right type in tort law is relatively comprehensive, so the duplication and conflict between personality right and tort liability law are very prominent. Liang Huixing also pointed out that the content of personality rights is very thin, independent editing will cause the sub-rules out of proportion. In view of these two realistic questions, the author, first of all, from the point of view of the right of personality as the law of the nature of the right, answers the relationship between the law of tort liability of relief nature and the law of tort liability of the nature of relief: complementation rather than conflict; secondly, By drawing lessons from the legislative model of personality right and the structure of real right law in the draft proposed by scholars in the National people's Congress, it is concluded that the law of personality right should be composed of three parts: "specific personality right of general clause". And should have a more skewed proportion of the general part of the conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923
本文编号：2210055
[Abstract]:The development of personality right has gone through a long historical evolution process, among which the most worthy of attention is the change of the concept of personality right from the protection of the status hierarchy system to the protection of the person as a person, which is inseparable from the concept of "person" in private law. From "people can not be human" in Roman law, to "not person and person" in the subject system of modern civil law, this is not only the result of the development of human rights, but also implies the development trend of personality right system: personality right is an open concept. Its subject and content are constantly expanding, but in the final analysis, the right of personality is still based on the value of protecting human freedom and human dignity. The whole article is devoted to two questions: whether the personality right has the independent right status in the civil law and whether the personality right should be made up independently in the civil code. First of all, according to the logical reasoning process of "person, personality right", through the thorough analysis of the concept of personality right, the author clarifies the subject, object, characteristic and the relation with constitutional right of personality right. The conclusion that personality right is an independent civil right is concluded through comprehensive theoretical foundation and both positive and negative arguments. On the question of whether personality right should be made up independently, because the right status of personality right has been theoretically proved that personality right is legal, in order to avoid repetition, the author mainly discusses from legislation technology. At present, the protection of personality right in our country mainly depends on tort liability law, and the enumeration of personality right type in tort law is relatively comprehensive, so the duplication and conflict between personality right and tort liability law are very prominent. Liang Huixing also pointed out that the content of personality rights is very thin, independent editing will cause the sub-rules out of proportion. In view of these two realistic questions, the author, first of all, from the point of view of the right of personality as the law of the nature of the right, answers the relationship between the law of tort liability of relief nature and the law of tort liability of the nature of relief: complementation rather than conflict; secondly, By drawing lessons from the legislative model of personality right and the structure of real right law in the draft proposed by scholars in the National people's Congress, it is concluded that the law of personality right should be composed of three parts: "specific personality right of general clause". And should have a more skewed proportion of the general part of the conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923
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