论商品房买卖中惩罚性赔偿责任的法律适用

发布时间：2018-08-30 14:47

【摘要】：面对商品房交易中层出不穷的欺诈行为以及2014年新修订的《消费者权益保护法》第55条加大惩罚性赔偿责任力度的新形势,最高人民法院《关于审理商品房买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》(2003)有关惩罚性赔偿责任的规定日益显现出适用条件严苛、适用范围狭窄等问题。在我国当前的司法审判中,法院多适用该司法解释作为判决被告承担惩罚性赔偿责任的法律依据,而不适用《消费者权益保护法》第55条的规定,主要原因在于商品房买受人的消费者地位不明确、惩罚性赔偿金额过高、法院存在适用法律的路径依赖等。为完善商品房买卖中惩罚性赔偿责任的法律适用,充分发挥惩罚性赔偿责任的制裁、惩罚与激励功能,应当明确以下两点:商品房买受人的消费者身份;《消费者权益保护法》的效力位阶高于司法解释。同时,司法解释应做相应修改:因商品房经营者欺诈行为导致购房消费者损害的,以购房消费者所受损失额作为惩罚性赔偿金的计算基准,规定损失额三倍以下的惩罚性赔偿金。
[Abstract]:In the face of the incessant fraud in commercial housing transactions and the new situation of increasing punitive liability under Article 55 of the newly revised Consumer Rights and interests Protection Act in 2014, The interpretation of the applicable Law of the Supreme people's Court on the trial of disputes over the contract for the purchase and sale of commercial housing (2003) the provisions on punitive liability increasingly show that the applicable conditions are strict and the scope of application is narrow and so on. In the current judicial trial in our country, the court mostly applies the judicial interpretation as the legal basis for sentencing the defendant to bear the punitive damages liability, but does not apply the provisions of Article 55 of the Consumer Rights and interests Protection Law. The main reasons are that the consumer status of the buyer of commercial housing is unclear, the amount of punitive damages is too high, and the court has the path dependence of applicable law. In order to perfect the legal application of punitive liability in the sale and purchase of commercial housing, give full play to the punitive liability sanctions, punishment and incentive function, The following two points should be made clear: the consumer identity of the buyer of commercial housing, and the order of effectiveness of the Consumer Rights and interests Protection Law is higher than that of the judicial interpretation. At the same time, the judicial interpretation should be revised accordingly: if the fraudulent behavior of the commercial housing operators results in the damage to the buyers, the amount of the losses suffered by the buyers of the houses shall be taken as the basis for calculating the punitive damages. Punitive damages of less than three times the amount of damage are stipulated.
【作者单位】：常州大学史良法学院;
【基金】：2014年度国家社科基金重大项目“民生视野下食品安全治理的法治化”(14ZDC028) 江苏高校哲学社会科学重点项目“网约车法律规制效果的实证研究”(2017ZDIXM005) 江苏高校境外研修计划资助项目
【分类号】：D922.294

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