论网络著作权侵权及法律保护

发布时间：2018-09-03 16:01

【摘要】：随着网络技术的发展和应用的普及，传统的知识产权保护体系受到了前所未有的冲击。网络大大改变了人们的生活方式和交流方式，人们足不出户，就能迅速了解到全球各个角落发生的事件。与此同时，，网络环境下著作权的保护范围和权利内容也在不断扩大和深化，其专有性、地域性、时间性等基本特征出现了弱化的趋势，网络著作权的纠纷也随之而起，大量涌现。尽管我国近年来对网络著作权保护力度在不断加强，但是在司法实践中，仍然存在诸多问题，本文重点围绕网络著作权的法律保护问题、当前在司法审判实践中网络著作权侵权的司法适用问题以及完善网络著作权保护等课题展开讨论。第一部分阐述了网络著作权的基础理论问题，通过对其概念、主体、客体和内容的详细阐述，网络著作权是因网络而产生的作者对其创作的文学、艺术和科学作品依法享有的专有权利。本章节还重点介绍了网络环境下的全新主体，即网络内容服务提供商和网络服务提供商的基本概念。第二部分阐述了网络著作权侵权的问题，首先介绍了网络著作权侵权的定义，其次分析了网络著作权侵权具有侵权客体的无形性、侵权主体的集体性、侵权证据的隐匿性和司法管辖的不确定性等特征，最后笔者以侵权主体为对象对侵权行为进行了分类，并依次阐述了网络内容服务提供商、网络服务提供商和网络用户三大类主体的著作权侵权行为。第三部分阐述了网络著作权侵权的法律责任。首先介绍了网络著作权侵权的归责原则，我国以过错责任原则作为网络侵权的归责原则，但在直接侵权的情况下，适用无过错责任原则是比较合理的，因此在直接侵权和间接侵权中应适用不同的归责原则。其次，网络内容服务商的法律地位如同网下传统的电台、电视台，在间接侵权的情况下，适用过错责任，但在直接侵权的情况下，笔者认为应适用无过错责任原则。最后，网络服务提供商也适用过错责任原则，但应根据其是否尽到了合理的监控义务来确定其是否有过错。第四部分着重对美国和日本的网络著作权侵权法律规定进行比较研究。笔者分别将美国和日本法律中涉及对网络著作权保护以及打击网络侵权的规定予以介绍，目的在于举他山之石而攻玉，为我国有效保护网络著作权提供参考。美国的网络著作权立法走在时代的前列，著名的“避风港原则”为世界多国所借鉴，其还将进一步加重网络服务提供商的法律责任。与美国不同，欧盟著作权立法注重保护权利人的人身权，在著作权权利转让方面限制更加严格。日本网络著作权立法则协调了网络著作权各主体间的利益，明确了网络环境中的权利限制，并提出了对规避技术措施和改变著作权管理信息的法律救济。第五部分笔者阐述了我国当前在保护网络著作权侵权司法适用方面存在的问题与完善建议。第一节介绍了我国网络著作权侵权法律保护的立法现状，我国在网络著作权立法方面也做了许多努力和探索，逐渐形成了一个完善的法律体系，并且在司法实践和法学理论研究方面起到了重要作用，但仍需加快理论研究的步伐，为网络产业的发展提供保障。第二节介绍了我国网络侵权司法实践方面存在的不足，由于中国在整个知识产权保护方面的滞后性，导致我国现阶段网络著作权法律保护中存在着刑法保护力度不够、司法管辖难、举证难、执行难等诸多问题，这些问题导致了著作权人在合法权益受到侵害时，其人身权利和财产权利难以得到有效的保障。第三节着重阐述我国保护网络著作权侵权的立法完善。首先，笔者建议我国立法机关应当针对前述问题，完善当前的法律制度，充分保护知识产权法益不受侵害，如建议增设网络著作权犯罪的罪名、指定特殊的证据规定、提高打击网络盗版的震慑力等。其次，在立法时要有适当的前瞻性，对社会发展过程中将要发生的情况作出预判，对我国网络侵权的法律保护作好远景规划。再次，应该发展和完善著作权集体管理制度，通过“延伸性集体管理”的方式平衡各方利益，减少侵权行为的出现，使作品有效地利用，但此项管理仅限于著作权的财产属性上，而不适用于人身属性上。最后，世界贸易组织的成员国，我国应兑现对各国的承诺，履行国际义务，因此在立法时应当借鉴国际保护标准，吸收国际条约的精神。
[Abstract]:With the development and popularization of network technology, the traditional intellectual property protection system has been impacted unprecedentedly. The network has greatly changed people's way of life and communication. Without going out, people can quickly understand the events happening in every corner of the world. At the same time, the scope of copyright protection in the network environment and The content of the right is also expanding and deepening, its exclusiveness, regionality, timeliness and other basic characteristics appear weakening trend, network copyright disputes also arise, a large number of emergence. Around the legal protection of network copyright, the judicial application of network copyright infringement in judicial practice and the improvement of network copyright protection are discussed.
The first part elaborates the basic theoretical issues of network copyright. Through the elaboration of its concept, subject, object and content, network copyright is the exclusive right of the author to the literary, artistic and scientific works created by the network. This chapter also focuses on the new subject under the network environment, namely the network. The basic concepts of content service providers and network service providers.
The second part expounds the problem of network copyright infringement, first introduces the definition of network copyright infringement, secondly analyzes the characteristics of network copyright infringement, such as the invisibility of infringement object, the collectivity of infringement subject, the concealment of infringement evidence and the uncertainty of judicial jurisdiction, and finally the author takes the infringement subject as the object of infringement. Acts are classified and the copyright infringement acts of three main bodies, namely, network content service providers, network service providers and network users, are expounded in turn.
The third part elaborates the legal liability of network copyright infringement.Firstly, it introduces the principle of liability fixation for network copyright infringement.Our country takes the principle of fault liability as the principle of liability fixation for network infringement, but in the case of direct infringement, it is more reasonable to apply the principle of no-fault liability, so it should not be applied in direct infringement and indirect infringement. Secondly, the legal status of network content service providers is similar to that of traditional radio and television stations under the network. In the case of indirect infringement, the liability for fault is applicable, but in the case of direct infringement, the author believes that the principle of liability without fault should be applied. Finally, network service providers also apply the principle of liability for fault, but should be based on whether or not it is. We have done a reasonable duty of monitoring to determine whether there is any fault.
The fourth part focuses on the comparative study of the legal provisions of network copyright infringement between the United States and Japan.The author introduces the provisions of the United States and Japan respectively concerning the protection of network copyright and the fight against network infringement in order to provide reference for the effective protection of network copyright in China. Unlike the United States, EU copyright legislation focuses on protecting the personal rights of the obligee and restricts the transfer of copyright more strictly. Copyright legislation coordinates the interests of various subjects of network copyright, clarifies the limitations of rights in the network environment, and puts forward legal remedies to circumvent technical measures and change copyright management information.
In the fifth part, the author expounds the existing problems and suggestions in the judicial application of the protection of network copyright infringement in our country. The first section introduces the current legislative situation of the legal protection of network copyright infringement in our country, and our country has made a lot of efforts and exploration in the legislation of network copyright, and gradually formed a perfect legal body. It also plays an important role in judicial practice and legal theory research, but it still needs to speed up the pace of theoretical research to provide protection for the development of the network industry. There are many problems in the legal protection of network copyright, such as inadequate criminal law protection, difficult judicial jurisdiction, difficult proof, difficult enforcement, etc. These problems lead to copyright owners'personal rights and property rights are difficult to be effectively protected when their legitimate rights and interests are infringed. Section 3 focuses on the protection of network copyright infringement legislation in China. Firstly, the author suggests that the legislature of our country should perfect the current legal system and fully protect the legal interests of intellectual property rights against infringement in view of the aforementioned problems, such as adding charges of copyright crimes on the internet, specifying special evidential provisions, and improving the deterrent against network piracy. Third, we should develop and improve the copyright collective management system, balance the interests of all parties through the way of "extended collective management", reduce the occurrence of infringement, and make effective use of works, but this management should be developed and improved. Finally, the member countries of the World Trade Organization should fulfill their commitments to all countries and fulfill their international obligations. Therefore, we should learn from international protection standards and absorb the spirit of international treaties in legislation.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.41

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