以权利为视角论民法之谦抑性

发布时间：2018-10-10 13:29

【摘要】：民法虽为私法,但其法律体系中公权力之介入颇为常见,各国均通过民法中的转介条款实现公法与私法的接轨,使公权力进入私权的轨道;而在民法之各项基本原则中,意思自治原则最能体现对民事主体地位和意愿的尊重,权利不得滥用、公序良俗、诚实信用等原则的确立和使用均在于以他人利益、社会公共利益等干预私权行使。随着私法公法化趋势的加强,我国民事法律体系中强制性和禁止性规范大量涌入,而民事立法和司法的热衷造权则引发权利泛化时代的到来,导致本属法外之空间遭到侵蚀。为维护民法之基本理念即意思自治,谦抑性原则应当予以引入并强调。以权利为视角,民法之谦抑性要求民事立法和司法在将公权力引入私权领域时,应理性掌控其力度与限度,以私权为体,公权为用;而在权利的创制和确认过程中,则应持严谨审慎之心,避免法律权利与道德权利、习惯权利的混同。由此,谦抑性并非刑法之专利,民法领域内同样有谦抑性原则的适用空间。
[Abstract]:Although civil law is private law, the intervention of public power in its legal system is quite common. All countries realize the connection between public law and private law by referring clause in civil law, and make public power into the orbit of private right. The principle of will autonomy can best reflect the respect for the position and will of the civil subject, the right not to be abused, the establishment and use of the principles of public order, good customs, good faith and good faith all lie in the interference of private rights in the interests of others and the public interest of society. With the strengthening of the trend of private law, the compulsory and prohibited norms in the civil legal system of our country flood in, and the enthusiasm of civil legislation and judicature leads to the arrival of the era of generalization of rights, which results in the erosion of the space beyond the law. In order to maintain the basic idea of civil law, autonomy of will, the principle of modesty should be introduced and emphasized. From the perspective of rights, the modest nature of civil law requires that civil legislation and judicature, when introducing public power into the field of private rights, should rationally control its strength and limitation, take private rights as its body and use public rights, and in the process of creating and confirming rights, We should be careful to avoid the confusion of legal rights and moral rights and customary rights. Therefore, modesty is not the patent of criminal law, and there is also room for application of the principle of modesty in the field of civil law.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院法学系;
【分类号】：D913

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