广播组织权的客体——兼析“以信号为基础的方法”
发布时间：2018-10-12 14:14
【摘要】：在世界知识产权组织主持起草《保护广播组织条约》的过程中,各国都同意对广播组织权的保护应当采用"以信号为基础的方法"。但各国立法并没有真正体现这一方法,其中一些国家采取的"节目保护模式"将"广播"规定为一类作品,保护的实际上是节目,这将导致严重的正当性问题。另一些国家采取的"伪信号保护模式"名义上只保护载有节目的信号,但由于为广播组织规定了针对节目录制品的专有权利且规定了至少20年的保护期,其真正保护的仍然是节目。创设广播组织权的理由,在于防止分流广播的听众或观众,从而损害作为节目传播者而非节目创作者或制作者的广播组织的利益。只有将载有节目的信号设定为保护客体,才能既保护广播组织的利益,又不至于造成法律逻辑的混乱、权利归属与授权机制的错位和对公有领域的侵蚀。基于信号的流动性,防止"信号盗窃"的途径是为广播组织规定"转播权",而非规定以信号中的节目为保护客体的复制权、发行权和信息网络传播权等专有权利。由于"转播权"控制的是同步传播信号的行为,对保护期的规定并无意义。
[Abstract]:In the process of drafting the Treaty on the Protection of Broadcasting Organization under the auspices of the World intellectual property Organization (WIPO), all countries agreed that the protection of the right to broadcasting organization should be based on a signal-based approach. However, the legislation of various countries does not really embody this method. In some countries, "program protection mode" stipulates "broadcasting" as a kind of work, and what is protected is actually a program, which will lead to serious legitimacy problems. In other countries, the "pseudo-signal protection model" nominally protects only signals containing programmes, but since broadcasting organizations are granted exclusive rights over programme recordings and have a protection period of at least 20 years, What it really protects is still the program. The reason for creating the right of broadcasting organization is to prevent the broadcasting listeners or viewers from diverting, thus harming the interests of broadcasting organizations as broadcasters rather than program creators or producers. Only if the signal contained in the program is set to protect the object, the interests of the broadcasting organization can be protected, and the confusion of the legal logic, the dislocation of the right attribution and authorization mechanism and the erosion of the public domain can be avoided. Based on the fluidity of signal, the way to prevent "signal theft" is to stipulate "broadcasting right" for broadcasting organization, but not to protect the exclusive rights such as reproduction right, distribution right and information network transmission right. Because the broadcast right controls the behavior of synchronous propagation signal, it has no meaning for the protection period.
【作者单位】： 华东政法大学;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“互联网领域知识产权重大立法问题研究”(批准号14ZDC020)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D923.41;D997.1
[Abstract]:In the process of drafting the Treaty on the Protection of Broadcasting Organization under the auspices of the World intellectual property Organization (WIPO), all countries agreed that the protection of the right to broadcasting organization should be based on a signal-based approach. However, the legislation of various countries does not really embody this method. In some countries, "program protection mode" stipulates "broadcasting" as a kind of work, and what is protected is actually a program, which will lead to serious legitimacy problems. In other countries, the "pseudo-signal protection model" nominally protects only signals containing programmes, but since broadcasting organizations are granted exclusive rights over programme recordings and have a protection period of at least 20 years, What it really protects is still the program. The reason for creating the right of broadcasting organization is to prevent the broadcasting listeners or viewers from diverting, thus harming the interests of broadcasting organizations as broadcasters rather than program creators or producers. Only if the signal contained in the program is set to protect the object, the interests of the broadcasting organization can be protected, and the confusion of the legal logic, the dislocation of the right attribution and authorization mechanism and the erosion of the public domain can be avoided. Based on the fluidity of signal, the way to prevent "signal theft" is to stipulate "broadcasting right" for broadcasting organization, but not to protect the exclusive rights such as reproduction right, distribution right and information network transmission right. Because the broadcast right controls the behavior of synchronous propagation signal, it has no meaning for the protection period.
【作者单位】： 华东政法大学;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“互联网领域知识产权重大立法问题研究”(批准号14ZDC020)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D923.41;D997.1
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