论医疗产品侵权责任

发布时间：2018-10-18 19:12

【摘要】：近年来,医疗产品损害纠纷不断增多,医患关系趋于紧张,成为社会关注的热点问题之一。随着公众法律意识和权利意识的不断增强,对于发生医疗损害后的权利救济问题的研究具有现实意义。在我国司法实践中,对于医疗活动造成损害的纠纷在不同时期有着不同的处理方式。在侵权责任法施行之前,发生医疗损害纠纷之后患者维权首先要进行医疗事故鉴定,根据鉴定结果确定不同的处理方式。侵权责任法施行之后,对于医疗损害纠纷的处理发生了重大变化,侵权责任法对医疗损害责任进行了具体规定,对于发生医疗损害纠纷,医疗事故鉴定不是必经程序,可以直接请求相关责任人承担损害赔偿责任。我国侵权责任法第五十九条对医疗产品侵权责任进行了专门规定,医疗产品侵权责任涉及到了一般医疗侵权责任以及产品责任,涉及的主体也不仅仅是患者和医疗机构,还包括与医疗产品相关的第三方。在实践中,对于医疗产品侵权责任的认定、归责原则的运用以及确定责任的承担等面临了诸多难题,如医疗产品侵权责任与一般医疗损害责任如何区分;医疗产品侵权责任中医疗机构是否作为销售者地位承担责任;产品缺陷与损害结果之间存在因果关系的证明责任应该如何分配等等。本文通过对实践中的案例及司法判决进行分析,提出相关问题,研究医疗产品侵权责任的归责原则以及构成要件,并与一般产品损害责任及一般医疗损害责任进行分析比较,讨论我国现行法律存在不足并提出相关完善建议,以期完善医疗产品侵权责任法律制度,保护当事人的合法权益。本文共分为五章:第一章以实践中发生的一起医疗损害责任纠纷案件为例,分析医疗产品损害责任在实践中的争议焦点,对该案法院的一审、二审判决的论证部分、法律运用、判决结果以及存在的差异进行研究思考,从我国医疗产品侵权责任的法律制度及司法实践方面提出相关问题。第二章介绍医疗产品侵权责任的一般理论,在归责原则方面,介绍世界其他主要国家的相关法律制度,分析学界存在的几种观点,包括过错责任说、无过错责任说以及综合说。对我国医疗产品侵权责任归责原则进行分析并提出其中存在的不足之处。第三章对医疗产品侵权责任的构成要件进行认真分析,结合本文所引用的案例,重点研究在实践中医疗产品缺陷的认定、损害的鉴定以及缺陷与损害之间存在因果关系的证明责任归属问题。第四章就医疗产品侵权责任自身的特点,从责任主体、一般规则和抗辩事由方面与一般产品损害责任及一般医疗损害责任进行比较,明确医疗机构在医疗产品侵权责任中不能等同于销售者,销售者应该承担相应责任。第五章在前文的分析研究的基础上,从完善责任主体、证据规则以及建立公平责任机制方面对我国医疗产品侵权责任相关制度的完善提出一些设想和建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, medical product damage disputes continue to increase, doctor-patient relations tend to be tense, become one of the hot issues of social concern. With the increasing of public legal consciousness and right consciousness, it is of practical significance to study the right relief after medical injury. In the judicial practice of our country, there are different ways to deal with the disputes caused by medical activities in different periods. Before the tort liability law comes into effect, after the medical injury dispute occurs, the patient should first identify the medical malpractice and determine the different treatment methods according to the appraisal result. After the implementation of the Tort liability Law, major changes have taken place in the handling of medical injury disputes. The Tort liability Law has made specific provisions on medical damage liability, and medical malpractice identification is not a necessary procedure for medical injury disputes. May directly request the relevant responsible person to bear the damage compensation liability. Article 59 of the tort liability law of our country makes a special provision on the tort liability of medical products. The tort liability of medical products involves general medical tort liability and product liability, and the main body involved is not only patients and medical institutions. It also includes third parties related to medical products. In practice, the identification of the tort liability of medical products, the application of the principle of imputation and the determination of responsibility are faced with many difficulties, such as how to distinguish the tort liability of medical products from the general liability for medical damage; In the tort liability of medical products, whether the medical institution is responsible as a seller or not, how to distribute the burden of proof that there is a causal relationship between the product defect and the result of the damage, and so on. Through the analysis of cases and judicial decisions in practice, this paper puts forward some related problems, studies the principle of liability for tort liability of medical products and its constitutive requirements, and analyzes and compares the liability for injury of general products and the liability for general medical damage. In order to perfect the legal system of tort liability of medical products and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, this paper discusses the shortcomings of the existing laws of our country and puts forward some relevant suggestions. This paper is divided into five chapters: the first chapter takes a case of medical damage liability dispute in practice as an example, analyzes the focus of the dispute in practice, the first instance of the court in this case, the second instance judgment, the application of the law. The result of judgment and the differences between them are studied and considered, and the related problems are raised from the aspects of the legal system and judicial practice of tort liability of medical products in China. The second chapter introduces the general theory of tort liability of medical products, introduces the related legal systems of other major countries in the world, and analyzes several viewpoints in academic circles, including fault liability theory, no-fault liability theory and comprehensive theory. This paper analyzes the principle of tort liability of medical products in China and points out its shortcomings. The third chapter makes a careful analysis of the components of the tort liability of medical products, combining with the cases cited in this paper, focuses on the identification of medical product defects in practice. The identification of damage and the attribution of burden of proof between defect and damage. In the fourth chapter, the author compares the characteristics of tort liability of medical products with that of general product damage liability and general medical damage liability from the aspects of liability subject, general rules and defenses. It is clear that medical institutions should not be equal to the seller in the tort liability of medical products, and the seller should bear the corresponding responsibility. The fifth chapter on the basis of the previous analysis and research, from the aspects of perfecting the subject of responsibility, the rules of evidence and the establishment of fair liability mechanism, put forward some ideas and suggestions on the improvement of the relevant system of tort liability of medical products in China.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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