专利的实用性研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 17:14

【摘要】：专利的实用性是授予专利权的三大实质性要件之一。在传统技术领域,一项发明是否具有实用性往往是显而易见的,因此实用性标准长期以来并未得到其应有的重视。然而近年来,随着生物化学、基因工程等高新技术领域的快速发展,基础研究成果与实用技术的界限逐渐模糊,一些技术领跑者不断试图将仅具有科学研究价值的发明申请专利,意图垄断基础知识、限制技术竞争。在此背景下,专利实用性的重要性日益凸显。一些技术发达的国家也不断降低自身的实用性标准以保护本国利益。我国作为一个发展中国家,科技水平和创新能力都相对落后,因此有必要明确并贯彻本国的实用性标准,以维护国家的产业利益。世界上存在两种比较有影响力的实用性理念,一种是欧洲的产业应用性,它强调发明创造在产业上的可实施性;另一种是美国的实用性,强调发明创造必须具有实际用途。我国实用性同时借鉴了上述两种的理念,并结合我国实际情况做出了一些调整,一方面要求发明创造必须在产业上具有可实施性,强调那些无法实现、缺乏可再现性以及未达到实用程度的发明均不能被授予专利权;另一方面还要求发明创造必须能够产生积极的技术效果,其中包括积极的技术、经济和社会效果,排除那些完全无益、明显脱离社会需要的发明。本文的新意在于摆脱了将专利法保护范围与实用性要求相混淆的认识误区,明确了实用性在专利法中的定位。本文还结合案例,全面系统地对我国实用性判断标准以及在实用性审查过程中应当注意的问题进行了阐述。本文还在文末探讨了能够产生积极效果这一实用性要求的存废问题,并提出了自己的观点。
[Abstract]:The practicability of patent is one of the three essential elements of granting patent right. In the field of traditional technology, the practicability of an invention is often obvious, so the practical standard has not been paid much attention to for a long time. However, in recent years, with the rapid development of biochemistry, genetic engineering and other high-tech fields, the boundary between basic research results and practical technologies has gradually become blurred. Some technology leaders try to patent only scientific research inventions in order to monopolize basic knowledge and restrict technology competition. In this context, the importance of patent practicability is increasingly prominent. Some technologically advanced countries also continue to lower their own practical standards to protect their own interests. As a developing country, the level of science and technology and the ability of innovation are relatively backward, so it is necessary to make clear and carry out the practical standards of our country in order to safeguard the national industrial interests. There are two influential practical concepts in the world, one is the industrial application of Europe, which emphasizes the practicability of invention and creation in industry, and the other is the practicality of the United States, which emphasizes that invention and creation must be of practical use. At the same time, our country has used the above two ideas for reference, and has made some adjustments according to the actual situation of our country. On the one hand, it requires that the invention and creation must be implementable in the industry, and emphasizes those that cannot be realized. Inventions that lack reproducibility and are not functional cannot be patented; on the other hand, they must be able to produce positive technological effects, including positive technological, economic and social effects, Exclude inventions that are totally useless and that are clearly divorced from the needs of society. The new idea of this paper is to get rid of the misunderstanding that the scope of patent law is confused with the requirement of practicality, and to clarify the position of practicality in patent law. In this paper, the criterion of practicability judgment and the problems that should be paid attention to in the process of practicability examination are expounded in a comprehensive and systematic way. At the end of this paper, the author discusses the problem of saving and scrapping, which can produce positive effect, and puts forward his own point of view.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.42

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