论加害给付的法律救济

发布时间：2018-11-05 08:14

【摘要】：加害给付制度最开始产生于德国的学说理论。加害给付作为一种不正确践行债务之形态,不但一定会导致权利方原本具有的权益遭受侵害,而且同时具有侵害权利方合同权益的可能性,因此具有侵权和违约双重法律性质。在当前个人本位让位于社会本位、公法不断干预私法的社会大背景下,合同体系的不断扩张导致侵权法与合同法的界限变得愈加模糊不清。加害给付作为侵权责任与合同责任的边际问题,日益成为各国合同法发展普遍面临的问题,在实践中也颇具争议。按照我国的一贯坚持的法理学说和相关司法实践,对加害给付受害人的保护方式采用的是责任竞合的模式,当事人仅可从侵权请求权或违约请求权二选一要求加害人承担责任,而且在合同之诉中原则上不能请求对非物质损害的补偿,对给付本身以外的其他财产损失当事人也仅可依据侵权责任法之规定得到相应补偿。与此同时,在对加害给付中受害第三人的救济和第三人实施加害给付的责任承担问题上,我国的立法规定和司法实践也不尽完善。因此,厘清加害给付的相关理论和制度,为受害人提供周全的法律救济,是本文撰写的目的所在。文章梳理了加害给付制度的产生和演变脉络,借以探究加害给付制度产生的初衷,并系统介绍了加害给付的定义、分类和构成要件,以便形成对该制度的整体认识。在这基础上,下文主要以健全对当事人的救济为中心展开论述。通过介绍当前我国对加害给付法律救济的立法规定和司法实践,指出加害给付传统法律救济的不足之处,并进一步对其原因作深入分析。在提出问题和分析问题之后,本文最后在立足于我国具体实际的基础上,通过总结学者、专家的观点和有目的性地借鉴国外先进经验,主要从三个角度就如何健全对受害人之法律救济发表自己的一些浅薄见解,以期对我们今后建立并健全该法律制度提供提供相关借鉴。
[Abstract]:The system of injurious compensation originated from the theory of Germany. As a form of incorrect practice of debt, injurious payment will not only lead to the infringement of the rights and interests of the right party, but also the possibility of infringement of the rights and interests of the right party, so it has the dual legal nature of infringement and breach of contract. Under the social background of individual standard giving way to social standard and public law interfering with private law, the boundary between tort law and contract law becomes more and more blurred due to the continuous expansion of contract system. As the marginal problem of tort liability and contract liability, injurious payment has increasingly become a common problem in the development of contract law in various countries, and is also controversial in practice. According to our country's consistent theory of jurisprudence and relevant judicial practice, the mode of protection for the victims of injurious payment is the mode of concurrence of responsibilities. The parties may only choose one of the two claims for tort or breach of contract to assume responsibility. Moreover, in principle, compensation for non-material damage can not be claimed in the litigation of contract, and the parties who have lost property other than the payment itself can only get corresponding compensation according to the provisions of tort liability law. At the same time, the legislation and judicial practice of our country are not perfect on the relief of the third party and the responsibility of the third party. Therefore, it is the purpose of this paper to clarify the relevant theory and system of injurious pay and provide comprehensive legal relief for the victim. This article combs the origin and evolution of the injurious compensation system, in order to probe into the original intention of the injurious compensation system, and systematically introduces the definition, classification and constitutive elements of the injurious compensation system, in order to form the overall understanding of the system. On this basis, the following mainly to improve the relief of the parties as the center of the discussion. This paper introduces the legislative provisions and judicial practice of legal relief for injurious payment in our country at present, points out the shortcomings of traditional legal relief for injurious payment, and further analyzes its causes. After putting forward and analyzing the problems, this paper finally draws lessons from the advanced experience of foreign countries by summing up the views of scholars and experts and drawing on the advanced experience of foreign countries based on the concrete reality of our country. Mainly from three angles on how to improve the legal relief to the victims of their own shallow views, in order to provide us with reference to the establishment and perfection of the legal system in the future.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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