论道路交通事故损害赔偿中过失相抵原则的适用及完善
发布时间：2018-11-24 07:20
【摘要】：本文的研究的对象主要是针对道路交通事故中的非机动车驾驶人、行人,意在得出在上述特殊受害人在道路交通事故中存在过失时,是否适用过失相抵原则以及如何适用的结论。正文的第一部分通过一则案例分析国内法院在适用过失相抵原则审理道路交通事故损害赔偿案件中的主要思路,从而引出该原则的构成要件以及在适用时存在的主要问题,分析国内相关学者关于过失相抵原则构成要件的理论以及不同学者间的理论差异,再引出过失相抵能力,强调过失相抵能力对于受害人的重要意义,并为下文中未成年人及监护人过失如何适用过失相抵原则作铺垫。正文从第二部分开始重点分析研究国内法院在适用过失相抵原则审理道路交通事故案件所采用的具体思路以及普遍存在的问题,具体从适用该原则的方法和范围、未成年人保护以及责任认定的比例和方法等几个方面着手,得出在关于受害人为非机动车驾驶人、行人的道路交通事故案件中司法实践的诸多不合理做法。受害人为非机动车驾驶人、行人时,法院很少考虑到机动车驾驶人一方的优势者危险负担义务;受害人为未成年人时,法院又没有考虑其是否具备相应的过失相抵能力。同时,法院在对事故双方的责任认定基本均以交警出具的《事故认定书》为依据,本应属于法官之责任认定义务现为交警部门所取代,这种做法在当下或许还能以法律发展的滞后性为借口来应对社会舆论的压力,但在未来将是一个不可回避也是必须得到解决的问题。文章的最后是对全文的总结,对过失相抵在国内的适用现状提出建议的同时也寄语笔者的展望。
[Abstract]:The research object of this paper is mainly aimed at non-motor vehicle drivers and pedestrians in road traffic accidents. The purpose of this study is to draw the conclusion that the above special victims are at fault in road traffic accidents. Whether to apply the principle of fault offset and how to apply the conclusion. The first part of the text through a case analysis of domestic courts in the application of the principle of fault offset in the trial of road traffic accident damage compensation cases, leading to the main elements of the principle and the main problems in the application. This paper analyzes the theory of the constitutive elements of the principle of fault offset and the theoretical differences among different scholars, and then leads to the capacity of fault offset, and emphasizes the importance of fault offset capacity for the victims. And for the following minor and guardian fault how to apply the principle of fault offset. From the second part, the text focuses on the analysis and study of the concrete ideas adopted by domestic courts in applying the principle of fault offset in handling road traffic accident cases and the common problems, especially from the methods and scope of applying the principle. The protection of minors and the proportion and method of liability determination are discussed in this paper, and many unreasonable practices in the judicial practice in the cases of road traffic accidents in which the victims are non-motor vehicle drivers and pedestrians are obtained. When the victim is a non-motor vehicle driver, when pedestrian, the court seldom takes the advantage of the motor vehicle driver into account, and when the victim is a minor, the court does not consider whether the victim has the corresponding capacity of fault offset. At the same time, the court's determination of the responsibility of both sides of the accident is basically based on the accident cognizance letter issued by the traffic police, and the duty that should belong to the judge is now replaced by the traffic police department. This approach may still be able to deal with the pressure of public opinion under the pretext of lag in the development of law, but it will be an unavoidable and necessary problem in the future. The last part of the article is a summary of the full text, and puts forward some suggestions on the application of fault offset in China, and also sends the author's outlook.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923
本文编号：2352768
[Abstract]:The research object of this paper is mainly aimed at non-motor vehicle drivers and pedestrians in road traffic accidents. The purpose of this study is to draw the conclusion that the above special victims are at fault in road traffic accidents. Whether to apply the principle of fault offset and how to apply the conclusion. The first part of the text through a case analysis of domestic courts in the application of the principle of fault offset in the trial of road traffic accident damage compensation cases, leading to the main elements of the principle and the main problems in the application. This paper analyzes the theory of the constitutive elements of the principle of fault offset and the theoretical differences among different scholars, and then leads to the capacity of fault offset, and emphasizes the importance of fault offset capacity for the victims. And for the following minor and guardian fault how to apply the principle of fault offset. From the second part, the text focuses on the analysis and study of the concrete ideas adopted by domestic courts in applying the principle of fault offset in handling road traffic accident cases and the common problems, especially from the methods and scope of applying the principle. The protection of minors and the proportion and method of liability determination are discussed in this paper, and many unreasonable practices in the judicial practice in the cases of road traffic accidents in which the victims are non-motor vehicle drivers and pedestrians are obtained. When the victim is a non-motor vehicle driver, when pedestrian, the court seldom takes the advantage of the motor vehicle driver into account, and when the victim is a minor, the court does not consider whether the victim has the corresponding capacity of fault offset. At the same time, the court's determination of the responsibility of both sides of the accident is basically based on the accident cognizance letter issued by the traffic police, and the duty that should belong to the judge is now replaced by the traffic police department. This approach may still be able to deal with the pressure of public opinion under the pretext of lag in the development of law, but it will be an unavoidable and necessary problem in the future. The last part of the article is a summary of the full text, and puts forward some suggestions on the application of fault offset in China, and also sends the author's outlook.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923
【参考文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前4条
1 林琳;论过失相抵规则在交通事故损害赔偿中的适用[D];复旦大学;2012年
2 黄丽云;机动车交通事故责任过失相抵制度研究[D];西南政法大学;2012年
3 赵会;我国过失相抵制度研究[D];西南政法大学;2011年
4 杨军;无过错责任原则在机动车强制责任保险中适用所面临的主要问题与对策[D];贵州大学;2006年
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