论侵权责任法的通知规则与反通知规则

发布时间：2018-11-25 13:57

【摘要】：网络侵权作为一种新型知识侵权,不代表其在归责原则、构成要件、责任承担等方面存在不同,主要因为网络侵权是发生在网络这一特殊的平台基础之上的。尤其是网络侵权是借助网络服务提供者所提供的网络平台实施的,通常都涉及到三方当事人(被侵权网络用户、侵权网络用户和网络服务提供者),而网络服务提供者与侵权行为实施者之间在主观心态、损害预防能力和效果上都存在重大差异,对通知规则与反通知规则的研究在互联网时代下就显得尤为重要。我国有关法律法规从中国实践出发,2010年《侵权责任法》在总结既有经验的基础上,于第36条引入通知规则,将其适用范围扩大至该法保护范围内的所有民事权益类型,并确立了通知规则在网络侵权案件中的一般规则地位。但是也存在着法条中并未涉及反通知规则,使通知规则的行使存在不平衡性的问题;网络服务提供者作为网络侵权的主体之一,范围与使用条件也未得到明确的规定;还存在法条规定过于僵化、通知规则以及反通知规则的适格条件也没有规定等方面的问题。法条规定的模糊和僵化,使得通知规则与反通知规则在学术界存在争议,在实践运用中也存在矛盾。通过对美国、欧盟、日本以及我国台湾地区相关立法的研究分析,根据我国的实践,进行学习借鉴。在学术界,王利明教授和熊文聪副教授认为,反通知规则的设立是随着网络不断发展对法律制度不断完善的必要途径,是有加以明文规定的必要的,使之与通知规则处于相互制衡、相互博弈的状态,才能保证网络用户的权利得到充分的保护;另一种观点认为,设立反通知规则只是我国立法对国外立法进行的单纯借鉴,根本不适合我国的网络发展状况。我认为应该明文设立反通知规则,同时根据网络服务者所提供的服务的不同分析其免责条件的不同,制定和完善相应的司法解释,明确通知规则与反通知规则行使的要件,做到权利行使无瑕疵。只有正确理解他们之间的关系,综合考量各方面主体的利益,进行积极的解读和解释,在网络社会发展规律的基础上不断对通知规则与反通知规则内容进行补充和完善,才能更好地构建与维护我国的网络社会秩序。
[Abstract]:Network tort, as a new type of knowledge infringement, does not mean that there are differences in the principle of imputation, constitutive elements and liability assumption, mainly because the network tort occurs on the basis of the special platform of network. In particular, network infringement is carried out with the help of the network platform provided by the network service provider, which usually involves the tripartite parties (the infringed network user, the infringing network user and the network service provider). However, there are significant differences in subjective mentality, damage prevention ability and effect between network service provider and tortfeasor, so the research on notification rules and anti-notification rules is particularly important in the Internet era. The relevant laws and regulations of our country proceed from the practice of China. On the basis of summing up the existing experience, the Tort liability Law of 2010 introduced notice rules in Article 36, which extends the scope of application to all types of civil rights and interests protected by this Law. And established the notice rule in the network infringement case general rule status. However, there is also the problem that the anti-notification rules are not involved in the articles of law, which make the exercise of the notification rules unbalanced, and the scope and use conditions of the network service providers as one of the subjects of network infringement have not been clearly stipulated. There are still some problems, such as inflexibility of stipulation in law, ineligibility of notification rule and anti-notification rule, and so on. The ambiguity and inflexibility of the provisions of the law make the rules of notification and counter-notification controversial in academic circles and contradictory in practice. Through the research and analysis of the relevant legislation of the United States, European Union, Japan and Taiwan, we can learn from the practice of our country. In academic circles, Professor Wang Liming and Associate Professor Xiong Wencong believe that the establishment of anti-notification rules is a necessary way to continuously improve the legal system with the continuous development of the network, and is necessary to have explicit provisions. Only by making it in a state of mutual checks and balances and playing games with notification rules can the rights of network users be fully protected. Another view is that the establishment of anti-notification rules is only a reference to foreign legislation in our legislation, and it is not suitable for the development of China's network. In my opinion, we should clearly set up counter-notification rules, at the same time, according to the different service provided by the network service, we should formulate and perfect the corresponding judicial interpretation, and make clear the requirements of the exercise of the notice rules and counter-notification rules. To make the exercise of rights flawless. Only by correctly understanding the relationship between them, synthetically considering the interests of all aspects of the subject, carrying out positive interpretation and interpretation, constantly supplement and improve the contents of notification rules and counter-notification rules on the basis of the law of the development of network society. In order to better build and maintain our network social order.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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