消费者网络购物后悔权制度研究
发布时间：2018-11-28 16:46
【摘要】：随着市场经济的不断发展，在网络商城中购买商品已经逐步成为新一代推崇的主流消费方式之一。在网络交易中，消费者与经营者之间信息不对称的情况更加突出，这种消费方式在为消费者带来很多便利的同时，也带来很多问题。2014年3月15日起实施的《消费者权益保护法》首次在法律中规定了远程购物的消费者享有后悔权，但立法并没有一蹴而就解决所有问题。对网络购物后悔权进行研究、完善我国相关制度不仅可以使网络消费市场更加规范，而且可以促进网络经营者的良性竞争，节约社会成本。 本文在分析网络购物后悔权的理论依据时，引入经济学分析方法，具有一定创新性。文章通过对消费者网络购物后悔权的产生过程以及发展过程进行阐述，明确了网络购物消费者后悔权是消费者通过网络完成商品交易之后，依法在一定期限内享有的单方面撤销原合同、并将已购买商品退还给经营者的权利，，且不用承担任何责任，由此得出后悔权具有法定性、无因性、免责性、单方性等性质。通过将后悔权制度和民法上其他相似的法定权利进行区别，明确了消费者网络购物后悔权是消费者基本权利的延伸，是经济法范畴的权利。在此基础上，运用经济学、法学理论分析方法以及矛盾分析法，明确了网络购物后悔权立法不仅在经济学理论的角度和法学理论的角度都有充足的理论支撑，也有利于个体经济效率和整体经济效率的实现、有利于消费市场实质公平的实现。同时强调了消费者网络购物后悔权的行使也不能随心所欲，也应当从适用商品范围、行使期间、行使方式、消费者责任承担等方面对其加以限制。我国消费者网络购物后悔权的制度规定中存在商品适用范围规定较为笼统、行使期限规定较为单一、行使方式不明确、责任承担规定不详细等漏洞。针对以上问题，借鉴德国、英国、美国及日本等国家消费者后悔权的行使方式、行使期间、行使的法律后果与责任承担以及权利滥用禁止等方面的制度经验，为我国相关制度完善和网络购物消费者后悔权的运用和落实提出了一系列具有可操作性的建议，包括：限定消费者和经营者范围，并将权利适用范围扩大到服务，以细化消费者网络购物后悔权的适用范围；将法律规定的7天后悔期间定为工作日，并规定行使期限与经营者告知义务的履行情况相关，对没有履行必要信息告知义务的，将行使期限延长至14天，从而规范网络购物后悔权的行使期限；明确消费者网络购物后悔权的行使方式为书面通知和直接退货两种方式；完善消费者行使网络购物后悔权的责任承担，规定消费者网络购物后悔权的举证责任由经营者承担，同时允许经营者在面临恶意行使后悔权时，也可以诉诸法律途径；完善网络环境下的经营者信用评价体系；加强实名制管理；完善网络环境下的个人信用记录等。
[Abstract]:With the development of market economy, buying goods in the network shopping mall has gradually become one of the mainstream consumption modes of the new generation. In the network transaction, the information asymmetry between the consumer and the operator is more prominent, this kind of consumption mode brings a lot of convenience to the consumer at the same time, The Consumer Rights and interests Protection Act, which came into effect on March 15, 2014, provides for the first time that consumers who shop remotely have the right to regret, but the legislation does not solve all problems overnight. The research on the right of repentance of online shopping and the perfection of the relevant system of our country can not only make the network consumption market more standardized, but also promote the benign competition of network operators and save the social cost. When analyzing the theoretical basis of the right of regret in online shopping, this paper introduces the method of economic analysis, which is innovative. By expounding the process and developing process of consumers' online shopping regret right, the article clarifies that the online shopping consumers' regret right is after the consumer completes the commodity transaction through the network. The unilateral rescission of the original contract in accordance with the law within a certain period of time, and the right to return the purchased goods to the operator, without any liability, leads to the conclusion that the right of regret has the nature of legality, non-causality, exemption, and unilateral nature. By differentiating the right of regret system from other similar legal rights in civil law, it is clear that the right of consumers' online shopping regret is the extension of consumers' basic rights and the right of economic law. On this basis, using economics, law theory analysis method and contradiction analysis method, it is clear that network shopping regret right legislation has sufficient theoretical support not only from the angle of economic theory but also from the angle of law theory. It is also conducive to the realization of individual economic efficiency and overall economic efficiency, and to the realization of substantial fairness in the consumer market. At the same time, it emphasizes that the exercise of consumers' right of online shopping regret can not be arbitrary, and should be restricted from the scope of applicable commodities, the period of exercise, the way of exercising, the responsibility of consumers and so on. In our country, there are some loopholes in the system of consumer's right of online shopping regret, such as the general provisions of the applicable scope of commodities, the single term of exercise, the unclear way of exercising, the lack of detailed provisions on responsibility assumption, and so on. In view of the above problems, the author draws lessons from the system experience of the exercise of the right of consumer regret in Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States and Japan, the legal consequences and liability of the exercise during the exercise, and the prohibition of abuse of rights, etc. This paper puts forward a series of operable suggestions for the perfection of relevant system and the application and implementation of online shopping consumer's regret right, including: limiting the scope of consumer and operator, and extending the scope of application of right to service. In order to refine the scope of consumer online shopping regret rights; The period of 7 days of regret prescribed by law shall be set as a working day, and the period of exercise shall be related to the performance of the operator's obligation to inform, and if the obligation of notification of necessary information has not been fulfilled, the period of exercise shall be extended to 14 days, In order to regulate the exercise of the right of online shopping regret; It is clear that the exercise of consumers' right to regret shopping online is written notice and direct return. Perfecting the responsibility of consumers to exercise the right to regret online shopping, stipulating that the burden of proof of consumers' right to regret online shopping is borne by the operator, at the same time allowing the operators to resort to legal channels when they are faced with the malicious exercise of the right of regret; Improve the credit evaluation system of operators under the network environment; strengthen the management of real name system; perfect the personal credit records under the network environment.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.8
本文编号：2363567
[Abstract]:With the development of market economy, buying goods in the network shopping mall has gradually become one of the mainstream consumption modes of the new generation. In the network transaction, the information asymmetry between the consumer and the operator is more prominent, this kind of consumption mode brings a lot of convenience to the consumer at the same time, The Consumer Rights and interests Protection Act, which came into effect on March 15, 2014, provides for the first time that consumers who shop remotely have the right to regret, but the legislation does not solve all problems overnight. The research on the right of repentance of online shopping and the perfection of the relevant system of our country can not only make the network consumption market more standardized, but also promote the benign competition of network operators and save the social cost. When analyzing the theoretical basis of the right of regret in online shopping, this paper introduces the method of economic analysis, which is innovative. By expounding the process and developing process of consumers' online shopping regret right, the article clarifies that the online shopping consumers' regret right is after the consumer completes the commodity transaction through the network. The unilateral rescission of the original contract in accordance with the law within a certain period of time, and the right to return the purchased goods to the operator, without any liability, leads to the conclusion that the right of regret has the nature of legality, non-causality, exemption, and unilateral nature. By differentiating the right of regret system from other similar legal rights in civil law, it is clear that the right of consumers' online shopping regret is the extension of consumers' basic rights and the right of economic law. On this basis, using economics, law theory analysis method and contradiction analysis method, it is clear that network shopping regret right legislation has sufficient theoretical support not only from the angle of economic theory but also from the angle of law theory. It is also conducive to the realization of individual economic efficiency and overall economic efficiency, and to the realization of substantial fairness in the consumer market. At the same time, it emphasizes that the exercise of consumers' right of online shopping regret can not be arbitrary, and should be restricted from the scope of applicable commodities, the period of exercise, the way of exercising, the responsibility of consumers and so on. In our country, there are some loopholes in the system of consumer's right of online shopping regret, such as the general provisions of the applicable scope of commodities, the single term of exercise, the unclear way of exercising, the lack of detailed provisions on responsibility assumption, and so on. In view of the above problems, the author draws lessons from the system experience of the exercise of the right of consumer regret in Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States and Japan, the legal consequences and liability of the exercise during the exercise, and the prohibition of abuse of rights, etc. This paper puts forward a series of operable suggestions for the perfection of relevant system and the application and implementation of online shopping consumer's regret right, including: limiting the scope of consumer and operator, and extending the scope of application of right to service. In order to refine the scope of consumer online shopping regret rights; The period of 7 days of regret prescribed by law shall be set as a working day, and the period of exercise shall be related to the performance of the operator's obligation to inform, and if the obligation of notification of necessary information has not been fulfilled, the period of exercise shall be extended to 14 days, In order to regulate the exercise of the right of online shopping regret; It is clear that the exercise of consumers' right to regret shopping online is written notice and direct return. Perfecting the responsibility of consumers to exercise the right to regret online shopping, stipulating that the burden of proof of consumers' right to regret online shopping is borne by the operator, at the same time allowing the operators to resort to legal channels when they are faced with the malicious exercise of the right of regret; Improve the credit evaluation system of operators under the network environment; strengthen the management of real name system; perfect the personal credit records under the network environment.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.8
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