动物致害侵权责任若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-12-08 14:36

【摘要】：民法上特殊侵权包括诸多内容,动物致害只是其中之一,对此,《侵权责任法》做出责任划分。但由于该法实施后,对于动物致害的一些条款在适用上、理论界和实务上还存在一定的分歧。诸如:动物园动物适用无过错推定原则是否合理、遗弃逃逸动物致人损害的责任承担、不可抗力是否适用所有的动物类型、野生动物致人损害是否纳入民事赔偿范围等等。至此,本文针对动物范畴、承担赔偿的义务主体、归责原则、减轻和免责事由等一些争议性的问题,分别进行了系统的调查研究。本文第一章为导论,明确了选题的背景、意义及研究思路。本文第二章讨论了“动物致害责任构成要件”,分析了动物“加害行为、损害事实、因果关系”,划分了证明责任的分配。本文第三章讨论了“域内外国家动物致害的责任主体”重点阐述了中、法、德、日、英、美等国家在动物致害主体上的确认模式。本文第四章讨论了“动物侵权的难点问题”,确立了“过错责任”与“义务主体”延伸,强化饲养人或者管理人管束义务以及“第三人介入”、“遗弃或逃逸动物”、“动物病菌”传播、“教唆”动物的责任分担等。本文第五章讨论了“举证责任的分配方式”,划分举证责任及其倒置,受害人与第三人的过错,确立了动物致害的免责事由。本文第六章讨论了“常见的几种动物致人损害的情形”,即一般动物的致人损害、“不作为”引起的动物致人损害、“禁止饲养”的动物致人损害、“圈养”的动物致人损害以及“遗弃、逃逸”的动物致人损害等,并且通过一些小的案例加以论述。总之,只有通过这种循序渐进,不断实践、不断发现,不断解决问题,才能使法制化进程快速发展和进步。
[Abstract]:The special tort in civil law includes many contents, and animal harm is only one of them. However, after the implementation of the law, there are still some differences in theory and practice in the application of some articles on animal harm. For example, whether it is reasonable for zoo animals to apply the principle of presumption of no-fault, to take responsibility for human damage caused by abandonment of runaway animals, whether force majeure is applicable to all animal types, and whether damage caused by wild animals is included in the scope of civil compensation, and so on. So far, this article has carried on the systematic investigation and research separately to the animal category, to undertake the compensation obligation main body, the liability principle, the lightening and the exoneration reason and so on some controversial questions. The first chapter is the introduction, which clarifies the background, significance and research ideas of the topic. The second chapter discusses the constitutive requirements of animal damage liability, analyzes the animal "harm behavior, damage facts, causality", and divides the distribution of burden of proof. In the third chapter, the author mainly discusses the recognition mode of animal harm in China, France, Germany, Japan, Britain and the United States. The fourth chapter discusses the difficult problem of animal tort, establishes the extension of "fault liability" and "obligation subject", strengthens the keeper or manager's control obligation, and "the third person intervene", "abandoned or escapes the animal". "Animal germs" spread, "abetting" the animal's share of responsibility and so on. The fifth chapter discusses the distribution of the burden of proof, the division of the burden of proof and its inversion, the fault of the victim and the third party, and the establishment of the reasons for the exemption of animal harm. In the sixth chapter, we discuss the "common cases of human injury caused by several kinds of animals", namely, the damage caused by human beings caused by general animals, the damage caused by animals caused by "omission", and the damage caused by animals "prohibited from breeding". The damage caused by captive animals and abandoned and escaped animals is discussed through some small cases. In short, only through this gradual, continuous practice, continuous discovery, and constantly solving problems, can the process of legalization develop and progress rapidly.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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