个人劳务侵权的法律责任研究

发布时间：2019-02-21 07:52

【摘要】：我国2009年出台的《侵权责任法》解决了我国大量民事权益受到侵害时所引发的责任承担问题,该法包括对侵权责任的一般规定和特殊规定、责任构成和责任承担方式等内容,列举了产品缺陷、交通事故、医疗损害、环境污染、网络侵权、动物致人损害等侵权行为在内的多种类型。侵权责任法作为我国民事基本法的重要组成部分,当然也成为了我国公民维护自身合法权益、规避自身权利受到侵害时普遍适用的法律依据及行动指南。与我国以往关于民事责任承担方面的法律规定相比,《侵权责任法》的第35条内容在我国民法制度中首次规定了个人劳务侵权责任制度。根据该条规定,个人劳务侵权的民事责任可以分为个人劳务关系中劳务提供者致他人损害的民事责任以及个人劳务提供者在劳务过程中造成的自身损害的民事责任,且侵权责任法对于前一种责任的承担方面采取的是由接受劳务的一方承担替代责任的方式,对后一种责任的承担方式采取的是过错责任。不得不说《侵权责任法》第35条为解决个人劳务侵权案件提供了直接的法律依据,但是,随着我国社会经济的迅速发展、社会生活形态也不断发生着翻天覆地的变化,个人劳务关系的形式层出不穷、复杂多变,甚至存在难以判断某种劳务关系是否属于个人劳务关系的情形,这样就会使得在解决此类纠纷的时候,仅仅适用侵权责任法的第35条很难得到有效解决。而我国侵权责任法关于这一问题也仅仅是一条带过,并未就个人劳务关系的定义、界定标准等内容作具体规定,也没有对个人劳务致人损害的侵权责任的归责原则、构成要件及责任承担方式等方面进行明确。鉴于此,我国个人劳务侵权制度的内容还不够全面,在实践中的法律适用还存在较大的争议,这为我国个人劳务致人损害的案件纠纷的解决带来不少难题。法学理论界对个人劳务侵权责任制度的研究也是对侵权理论研究的热点课题之一。通过对个人劳务侵权法律责任制度的研究,对国内外研究成果及立法实践进行梳理,为进一步完善个人劳务侵权责任制度提供理论基础,从而加强和完善个人劳务侵权责任立法,对于更加公平公正地解决个人劳务侵权纠纷具有较强的理论意义和现实意义。
[Abstract]:The Law on Tort liability issued in 2009 has solved the problem of liability bearing caused by the infringement of a large number of civil rights and interests in our country. The law includes the general and special provisions of tort liability, the composition of liability and the way of liability assumption, etc. Various types of tort such as product defects, traffic accidents, medical damage, environmental pollution, network infringement, animal damage and so on are listed. Tort liability law as an important part of the basic civil law of our country, of course, has also become our citizens to protect their legitimate rights and interests, avoid their own rights when the universal application of the legal basis and action guide. Compared with the previous legal provisions on the assumption of civil liability in our country, Article 35 of the Tort liability Law provides for the first time in the civil law system of our country the system of individual labor tort liability. According to the article, the civil liability for personal labor infringement can be divided into the civil liability for the damage caused by the service provider in the personal labor relations and the civil liability for the personal service provider's own damage in the process of labor service. The tort liability law takes the way of the replacement liability for the former liability, and the fault liability for the latter. It has to be said that Article 35 of the Tort liability Law provides a direct legal basis for solving individual labor infringement cases. However, with the rapid development of China's social economy, the social life forms are constantly undergoing earth-shaking changes. The forms of personal labor relations emerge in endlessly, complex and changeable, and even have the situation that it is difficult to judge whether certain labor relations belong to personal labor relations, which will make it possible to resolve this kind of disputes. Article 35, which only applies the law of tort liability, is difficult to resolve effectively. However, the tort liability law of our country has not made any specific provisions on the definition and standard of personal labor relations, nor on the principle of imputation of tort liability to the damage caused by personal labor. The elements and the way to assume responsibility are clear. In view of this, the content of our personal labor tort system is not comprehensive enough, and the application of the law in practice is still controversial, which brings a lot of difficulties to the settlement of personal labor injury case disputes in our country. The research of personal labor tort liability is one of the hot topics in the field of legal theory. Through the research on the legal liability system of personal service tort, the research results and legislative practice at home and abroad are combed in order to provide a theoretical basis for further improving the system of personal service tort liability. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to strengthen and perfect the legislation of personal labor tort liability, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for a more fair and just settlement of individual labor rights infringement disputes.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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