金融消费者权利保护机制研究

发布时间：2019-02-24 16:45

【摘要】：2007年底发生的美国次级贷款危机,给世界各国的金融业和实体经济带来了重创,也给无数的中小投资者造成了惨重的损失。这次金融危机的来袭使各国不得不反省自己的金融体系和监管模式,并从立法、金融监管、金融纠纷解决机制等方面进行大力的改革,并且逐渐重视金融消费者权利保护。随着我国国内经济的迅速发展以及“普惠金融”政策的发布,相关的金融商品与金融服务项目逐渐趋于多元化,体系日渐庞大,其专业性和复杂性也越来越强,使金融消费者与金融机构之间在获取、合同签订等方面的差距越来越大,再加上金融机构与金融消费者之间天然的在经济能力和专业知识方面的差异,最终导致了双方在交易中地位的严重不平等,所以侵害金融消费者权利的现象便屡见不鲜。这说明我国现行的制度远远不足以保护金融消费者的权利。本文从对金融消费者予以特殊保护的法理基础入手,以私法的视角分析了近代民法中的形式平等和现代民法中的实质平等,发现金融消费中的双方看似形式平等,即双方符合形式平等的要求,但是由于经济实力和专业知识等方面的差距,金融消费中的双方在实质上是不平等的,需要对其进行倾斜性保护。接着,本文以公法的视角入手进行分析,发现单纯的通过私法对金融消费者进行保护,金融秩序势必遭到破坏,故有必要介入公权力对金融机构进行规制和约束,对金融消费者进行倾斜性保护,才有利于金融市场的稳定发展。在前述分析的基础上,本文紧接着从立法和监管等方面对我国金融消费者保护进行了分析,发现其问题主要有立法的缺项、监管机制的部分缺失及金融消费者在消费中产生纠纷后纠纷解决机制的不完善。其次,从立法、监管、纠纷解决机制等方面分析了美、英、日等法制健全的国家的相关制度。最后,将前述我国在金融消费者权利保护领域存在的问题与美、英、日等国家的金融消费者权利保护制度相结合,分别从金融消费者权利保护的立法、监管机构及纠纷解决机制等方面对我国的金融消费者权利保护的完善提出了自己的观点。
[Abstract]:The subprime loan crisis in the United States at the end of 2007 has brought heavy losses to the financial industry and real economy of the world, and to countless small and medium-sized investors. The impact of the financial crisis forced countries to reflect on their own financial system and regulatory model, and from the legislation, financial supervision, financial dispute resolution mechanism and other aspects of the reform, and gradually attach importance to the protection of financial consumer rights. With the rapid development of China's domestic economy and the release of the policy of "inclusive finance", the related financial goods and financial services are gradually becoming more and more diversified, the system is becoming larger and larger, and its professionalism and complexity are becoming more and more powerful. The increasing gap between financial consumers and financial institutions in terms of access, contracting, etc., coupled with the natural differences between financial institutions and financial consumers in terms of economic capacity and expertise, As a result of the serious inequality between the two sides in the transaction, the phenomenon of infringing on the rights of financial consumers is common. This shows that our current system is far from sufficient to protect the rights of financial consumers. Starting from the legal basis of giving special protection to financial consumers, this paper analyzes the formal equality in modern civil law and the substantive equality in modern civil law from the perspective of private law, and finds that both sides in financial consumption seem to be equal in form. That is to say, both sides meet the requirement of formal equality, but because of the disparity of economic strength and professional knowledge, the two parties in financial consumption are unequal in essence, and need to be inclined to protect them. Then, from the perspective of public law, this paper finds that the financial order is bound to be destroyed by purely protecting financial consumers through private law, so it is necessary to intervene in the public power to regulate and restrict financial institutions. It is beneficial to the stable development of the financial market to protect the financial consumers. On the basis of the foregoing analysis, this paper analyzes the protection of financial consumers in China from the aspects of legislation and supervision, and finds that the main problems are lack of legislation. Part of the lack of regulatory mechanism and financial consumers in the consumption of disputes after the dispute resolution mechanism is not perfect. Secondly, it analyzes the relevant systems of America, Britain and Japan from the aspects of legislation, supervision and dispute settlement mechanism. Finally, by combining the aforementioned problems in the field of financial consumer rights protection with the financial consumer rights protection systems in the United States, Britain, Japan, and other countries, respectively, from the legislation on the protection of financial consumers' rights, The author puts forward his own views on the perfection of the protection of the rights of financial consumers in China from the aspects of supervision and dispute resolution mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.8

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