不动产异议登记制度研究

发布时间：2019-03-09 16:45

【摘要】：不动产与我国公民的生活息息相关,是关系社会和谐稳定的重要财产。在我国不动产的归属状况和权利内容要通过登记注册的方式表现出来,但基于主客观方面的因素制约导致注册的物权内容出现错误,此时真正权利人在不动产上享有的物权利益有可能因此受到影响,不动产异议登记制度便有了其存在的价值,该制度能够对真实权利人在不动产上的权益起到比较好的维护作用。因此其被各国所重视,我国物权法对其相关研究比较落后,直到2007年出台的《物权法》才标志着异议登记制度在我国的民事基本法中正式建立,但其规定并不具体,过于简略。于2015年3月1日起施行的《不动产登记暂行条例》表明不动产登记制度在我国有了更进一步的发展,但本条例主要是为了建立不动产统一登记制度,对异议登记并没有详细的规定,仍有许多需要完善的地方。本文主要运用比较分析法、历史分析法和文献资料法,深入剖析了异议登记制度的内涵及功能,并通过考察德国等国家关于该制度的规定,分析了我国立法在该制度方面存在的诸多问题,并针对这些问题提出了完善的相关建议。本文主要分为四个部分:第一部分对不动产异议登记制度进行了简单地介绍,主要从其内涵、功能以及与其他制度的比较三个方面进行了阐述。主要将异议登记与预告登记、更正登记进行了区分,因为实践中容易将这三种登记混淆。对异议登记在打破登记公信力,维护真实权利人的利益以及协调真实权利人和第三人利益方面进行了详细的阐述。第二部分主要对德国等国家的异议登记制度进行了简单的分析,分别对其产生原因、申请主体、法律效力等方面作了对比剖析,其中各国在提出异议登记的事项范围、异议登记的产生原因以及其产生的法律效力方面看法各有不同,对此作了比较深入的分析,以便为我国异议登记制度的完善提供借鉴意义。第三部分分析了我国不动产异议登记制度的立法现状及其存在的缺陷,主要有申请主体的不具体、发生机制的不全面、登记效力以及登记不当后责任承担的不明确等问题,以便在完善该制度时能够做到对症下药。第四部分在第三部分分析了我国不动产异议登记制度存在的问题的基础上,提出了相应的改进意见。笔者认为在其申请主体上应明确相关权利人的范围,在适用范围上应仅限于与权利有关的事项,发生机制方面为避免行政权对私权的过多干涉,因此不赞同登记机关依职权为异议登记。在效力问题方面笔者认为束缚住登记权利人对不动产的处分权这样的做法是不合理的,在涂销问题方面,基于仅是程序上的操作问题因此允许登记机关依职权涂销。最后在因登记错误产生的损害赔偿责任问题上,以赔偿主体为标准,分别对申请人的赔偿和登记机构的赔偿情况提出了完善的建议。
[Abstract]:Real estate is closely related to the life of our citizens and is an important property related to social harmony and stability. In our country, the attribution of immovable property and the content of the right should be displayed by the way of registration, but due to the restriction of subjective and objective factors, the content of the registered real right is wrong. At this time, the real right holder's real interest in real estate may be affected, and the registration system of real estate objection has its existence value. This system can play a better role in safeguarding the real rights and interests of the real rights and interests. Therefore, it has been attached importance to by many countries, and the property law of our country has lagged behind in its related research. Only in 2007 did it mark the formal establishment of the dissenting registration system in the civil basic law of our country, but its stipulations were not specific and too brief. The Provisional regulations on the Registration of immovable property, which came into effect on 1 March 2015, indicate that the registration system of immovable property has been further developed in our country, but these regulations are mainly aimed at establishing a unified registration system for immovable property, There are no detailed provisions for registration of objections, and there are still many areas that need to be improved. This article mainly uses the comparative analysis method, the historical analysis method and the literature material law, has deeply analyzed the objection registration system connotation and the function, and through the investigation Germany and other countries regarding this system stipulation, This paper analyzes on many problems existing in the legislation of our country, and puts forward some suggestions to solve these problems. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part briefly introduces the real estate objection registration system, mainly from three aspects of its connotation, function and comparison with other systems. The registration of objection is distinguished from the registration of notice and the registration of correction, because these three kinds of registration are easy to be confused in practice. The dissenting registration in breaking the public trust of registration, safeguarding the interests of real rights holders and coordinating the interests of real rights holders and third parties are described in detail. The second part makes a simple analysis of the objection registration system in Germany and other countries, and makes a comparative analysis of its causes, the subject of application, the legal effect, and so on, in which the scope of the items of objection registration is put forward by each country. The reasons of objection registration and the legal effect of objection registration are different. This paper makes a more in-depth analysis in order to provide reference for the perfection of objection registration system in our country. The third part analyzes the current legislative situation and defects of the real estate objection registration system in our country, mainly including the unspecific subject of the application, the incomplete mechanism of occurrence, the effectiveness of registration and the unclear responsibility after the improper registration, and so on. In order to improve the system in order to achieve the right medicine. In the fourth part, based on the analysis of the problems existing in the registration system of real estate objection in our country, some suggestions for improvement are put forward. The author thinks that the scope of the relevant right holder should be clearly defined in the subject of its application, and the scope of application should be limited to the matters related to the right. In the aspect of the occurrence mechanism, the administrative power should avoid excessive interference of the administrative power in the private right. As a result, the registration authority does not agree that the registration authority is dissenting registration. In the aspect of effectiveness, the author thinks that it is unreasonable to restrain the right to dispose of real estate by the right holder of registration. In the aspect of write-off, the registration authority is allowed to write off ex officio on the basis of procedural operation. Finally, on the issue of liability for damages caused by registration errors, based on the criterion of the main body of compensation, the author puts forward perfect suggestions on the compensation of the applicant and the compensation of the registration institution respectively.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

【参考文献】