违约损害赔偿计算规则研究

发布时间：2019-04-24 08:59

【摘要】：违约损害赔偿作为一种常见的违约责任,对于保护合同双方当事人的权益、维护市场经济秩序作用巨大。违约损害赔偿的计算则是该种违约责任的核心。然而计算问题一直是困扰法官们的一个难题,因此,笔者将着眼于整个违约损害赔偿体系,试图总结问题之症结并提出解决意见,希望能对司法实务操作有所裨益。通过对具体案件的总结,可发现造成违约损害赔偿类案件计算困难、甚至同案不同判的原因是多种多样的,故笔者试图归纳了三点较为显而易见的成因。第一,对"损害"的定义不清。明确损害的定义,才能进一步对损害赔偿的范围进行界定。第二,违约损害赔偿范围界定混乱。笔者会对目前我国违约损害赔偿范围界定中存在的问题进行归纳,并通过比较法研究,试图以合同利益为视角,重构符合我国现状的违约损害赔偿范围。第三,缺乏计算方法的适用规定。笔者将通过对两种不同计算方法的对比研究,寻求计算方法正确适用之道。违约损害赔偿计算的相关规则是另一个影响计算结果的重要因素。故笔者不仅会对这些规则在我国的适用现状、构成要件等基本问题加以阐述,还会对两个基本性原则,即完全赔偿原则和可预见性规则在适用中出现的问题提出个人见解。韩世远教授曾在其著作中提出违约损害赔偿计算的基本公式,笔者以此为启发,并结合在第一部分提出的对合同利益类型的重构,根据不同的情况设计出具体的计算公式。由于实践中合同类型多种多样,不可能提出一个万能公式,故笔者主要以买卖合同作为研究对象,按照合同违约方、违约程度的不同总结出不同的计算公式。其他标的物或服务的提供者可以类推适用卖方计算公式,接受者可适用买方计算公式。
[Abstract]:Compensation for damages for breach of contract, as a common liability for breach of contract, plays an important role in protecting the rights and interests of the parties to the contract and maintaining the order of the market economy. The calculation of damages for breach of contract is the core of the liability for breach of contract. However, the calculation problem has always been a difficult problem for judges. Therefore, the author will focus on the whole system of damages for breach of contract and try to summarize the crux of the problem and put forward some suggestions to solve the problem, in the hope that it can be beneficial to the operation of judicial practice. Through the summary of specific cases, it can be found that the calculation of damages for breach of contract is difficult, and even the reasons for different judgments in the same case are varied. Therefore, the author tries to sum up three obvious causes. First, the definition of "damage" is unclear. Only by clarifying the definition of damage can the scope of damages be further defined. Second, the scope of damages for breach of contract is confused. The author will summarize the problems existing in the definition of the scope of damages for breach of contract in China, and try to reconstruct the scope of compensation for damages for breach of contract in accordance with the present situation of our country from the perspective of contract interests through the study of comparative law. Third, the lack of the applicable provisions of the calculation method. Through the comparative study of two different calculation methods, the author will seek the correct way to apply the calculation method. The rules related to the calculation of damages for breach of contract are another important factor that affects the calculation results. Therefore, the author will not only elaborate on the basic problems of the application of these rules in China, such as the present situation and the constituent elements, but also put forward some personal opinions on the two basic principles, namely, the principle of complete compensation and the rule of predictability in the application of these rules. Professor Han Shiyuan has put forward the basic formula for calculating damages for breach of contract in his works, which is enlightened by the author. In combination with the reconstruction of the type of contract interest put forward in the first part, concrete formulas are designed according to different circumstances. Because of the variety of contract types in practice, it is impossible to put forward a universal formula. Therefore, the author mainly takes the contract of sale and purchase as the research object, and sums up different calculation formulas according to the different default parties and the degree of breach of contract. The seller's formula may be applied by analogy to the provider of other subject matter or service, and the buyer's formula may be applied to the recipient.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6

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