父母更改未成年子女姓名法律问题研究

发布时间：2019-06-12 05:35

【摘要】：法院对于未成年子女更改姓名的判决,常有同案不同判的情形。未成年子女的利益主要体现在人身利益与财产利益,其中,姓名权属于人格权的一种。在社会法律关系的参与中,未成年子女的行为能力不够健全,其很多权利与义务必须在父母的帮助下才能行使。然而父母的这种辅助行为很容易架空未成年子女的权利甚至理所当然地将子女的权利转变成自己的利益。此主要体现在父母行使未成年子女的权利时,很少征求其子女的意见,独立实施相应的行为。这种做法严重违背了联合国关于子女最大利益原则的精神。未成年子女姓名的变更,在我国实践中经常受到阻碍。在司法实践中,对于未成年子女姓名的变更,法院的一贯遵循父母双方协商一致的原则。但是这种做法过于片面,实践中法律关系复杂多变,一味地考虑父母对子女的监护权而忽视权源的本身,显然是偏离立法的初衷。我国立法上关于姓名权的规定相对较少,如姓名更改的主体、姓名更改的条件和手续以及适用的原则等都没有作出明确的规定。通过典型案例的研习发现,很少有法院考虑到是否需要征求未成年子女的意见。国家保护未成年子女的利益,但在司法实践中,法律的可操作性不强。这种法律现象,对未成年子女是很不公平的。严格来讲,发生这种现象的原因主要在于,我国关于姓名权的立法没能形成一个完整的体系,具体内容还不够完善,立法技巧还有待改进。因此我国有必要进一步完善姓名权的相关规定。美国、英国、德国、法国、日本等国家,关于姓名权立法相对比较完善。其在立法上细化姓名权的具体规定,将姓氏与名字分开立法,并且规定不同的法律实施效果以及相应的法律责任。其关于姓名权的规定相对集中,多数编撰整理在国家的民法典中,而不是将姓名权的相关规定散落在各个单行法中。不管是大陆法系还是英美法系,很多国家在拥有完善的姓名权立法体系的同时也引进了子女最佳利益原则。从整体上注重对子女利益的考虑。我国立法机关到目前为止,还没有正式引进该原则,因此在法律相对缺失的情况下,父母很容易逾越权利的界限,侵害到未成年子女的权利。尤其是在父母离异的情况下,父母双方很难理智地讨论子女更改姓名的问题。因此有必要加大对未成年子女更改姓名的法律问题研究,提出解决父母更改未成年子女姓名问题的可行性立法方案,从而保证法律的有效性实施。
[Abstract]:Court decisions on the change of name of minor children are often different in the same case. The interests of minor children are mainly reflected in personal interests and property interests, among which the right of name belongs to the right of personality. In the participation of social legal relationship, the behavior ability of minor children is not perfect enough, and many of their rights and obligations must be exercised with the help of their parents. However, this kind of auxiliary behavior of parents can easily overhead the rights of underage children and even translate the rights of their children into their own interests as a matter of course. This is mainly reflected in the fact that when parents exercise the rights of minor children, they rarely consult their children and independently carry out the corresponding behavior. This is a serious violation of the spirit of the United Nations on the principle of the best interests of children. The change of the name of minor children is often hindered in the practice of our country. In judicial practice, the court has always followed the principle of consensus between parents for the change of the names of minor children. However, this approach is too one-sided, the legal relationship in practice is complex and changeable, blindly considering the custody of parents over their children and neglecting the source of power itself, is obviously deviating from the original intention of the legislation. There are relatively few provisions on the right of name in the legislation of our country, such as the subject of name change, the conditions and procedures of name change and the applicable principles. Through the study of typical cases, it was found that few courts considered the need to consult minor children. The state protects the interests of minor children, but in judicial practice, the maneuverability of the law is not strong. This legal phenomenon is very unfair to minor children. Strictly speaking, the main reason for this phenomenon is that the legislation on the right of name in our country has not formed a complete system, the specific content is not perfect, and the legislative skills still need to be improved. Therefore, it is necessary for our country to further improve the relevant provisions of the right of name. In the United States, Britain, Germany, France, Japan and other countries, the legislation on the right to name is relatively perfect. In the legislation, it refines the specific provisions of the right of name, separates the surname from the first name, and stipulates the effect of different laws and the corresponding legal liability. Most of the provisions on the right of name are compiled and sorted out in the civil code of the country, instead of scattered the relevant provisions of the right of name in each separate law. Whether it is civil law system or common law system, many countries not only have a perfect legislative system of name right, but also introduce the principle of children's best interests. Pay attention to the consideration of the interests of the children as a whole. Up to now, the legislature of our country has not formally introduced this principle, so in the case of relative lack of law, it is easy for parents to cross the boundaries of rights and infringe on the rights of minor children. Especially in the case of divorce, it is difficult for both parents to discuss the change of name of their children rationally. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the study of the legal issues of changing the names of minor children, and put forward a feasible legislative scheme to solve the problem of parents changing the names of minor children, so as to ensure the effective implementation of the law.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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