“虚拟财产权”的证立与体系安排——兼评《民法总则》第127条

发布时间：2019-07-23 05:57

【摘要】：在我国《民法总则》的立法过程中,虚拟财产在权利属性上经历了从物权到非物权的变化,该法第127条最终并未明确虚拟财产的权利性质,而虚拟财产在《民法总则》"民事权利"章中的位置也使其权利性质扑朔迷离。虚拟财产的"关系范式"保护缺乏明确的分类标准,且其与"权利范式"保护并非对立。"权利范式"保护下的"虚拟财产物权说"存在本质论和后果论两种不同证明路径,前者是功利选取特征予以论证且将支配权和物权等同的结果,而后者是固守物债二元财产权体系的结果。从刑法上的盗窃罪和保险法中虚拟财产保险的视角看,虚拟财产的权利属性也并非债权。虚拟财产的权利属性应被界定为虚拟财产权,从而纳入民事权利体系。虚拟财产的独特性足以使其成为一种新兴民事权利的客体,无形财产权作为上位的学理概念不能反映虚拟财产权的本质。虚拟财产权的立法框架应由权利的主体、客体、行使、公示与变动等内容构成。
[Abstract]:In the legislative process of the General provisions of Civil Law, virtual property has undergone a change from real right to non-real right in the attribute of rights. Article 127 of this law finally does not clarify the nature of the rights of virtual property, and the position of virtual property in the chapter of "Civil Rights" of the General provisions of Civil Law also makes its nature of rights confusing. The protection of "relational paradigm" of virtual property lacks clear classification criteria, and it is not opposed to the protection of "right paradigm". There are two different proof paths of "virtual property real right theory" under the protection of "right paradigm": essence theory and consequence theory. The former is the result of the utilitarian selection characteristics and equates the dominant right with the real right, while the latter is the result of adhering to the dual property right system of material debt. From the perspective of theft in criminal law and virtual property insurance in insurance law, the right attribute of virtual property is not creditor's rights. The right attribute of virtual property should be defined as virtual property right, so as to be included in the civil right system. The uniqueness of virtual property is enough to make it become the object of a new kind of civil rights. Intangible property rights, as the upper theoretical concept, can not reflect the essence of virtual property rights. The legislative framework of virtual property rights should be composed of the subject, object, exercise, publicity and change of rights.
【作者单位】：辽宁大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金一般项目《第三人侵害合同缔结利益法律问题研究》(项目编号:16BFX110) 国家法治与法学理论课题《民事立法中非规范性条款扩张现象研究》(项目编号:16SFB3031)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D923

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