我国老年人行为能力理论探讨

发布时间：2018-02-10 17:14

本文关键词： 老年人行为能力欠缺智力与体力两级制　出处：《华侨大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：据全国老龄委办公室的统计,2011年以来中国人口老龄化趋势发展迅速,60岁以上的老年人从2010年底的1.78亿增加到2013年底的2.02亿。增加了老年人口2400万,这意味着每年平均增加800万,老年人口占总人口的百分比由13.3%上升到14.9%,人口老龄化形势越来越严峻。我国于2013年首次在《老年人权益保障法》中规定老年人的行为能力以及老年监护问题。然而,作为一个民商法的研究者,笔者遗憾的发现,此问题虽然被提出,但仅仅只是提到而已。我国民法对人的行为能力进行了二分式的划法,将自然人仅划分为未成年人及成年人,而没有考虑成年人的行为能力会随着年龄的增加而日渐衰弱。判断老年人行为能力存在欠缺的标准是什么?什么情况下才算老年人丧失了“部分或全部”的行为能力?采取什么样的方式来审查?这些问题都是我们需要讨论的,它关系到我国设立老年监护的前提和理论基础。本文通过分析我国现有民事行为能力制度的缺陷,从行为能力的发展方向出发,总结出在行为能力的发展过程中各国法律考虑的要素。同时结合现代各国针对老年人的改革措施,对老年人行为能力欠缺制度进行研究,将老年人的行为能力予以划分,在此基础上构建我国老年人行为能力制度。文章总共分为四个章节,第一部分“我国现行自然人行为能力制度的反思”主要阐述了我国现在实行的自然人民事行为能力制度的基本问题,包括分类、划分标准以及宣告制度,在此基础上分析了我国现行民事行为能力制度在构建老年监护中的缺陷,从主体、划分标准和审查与宣告等方面入手,说明我国需要构建包括老年人行为能力欠缺在内的行为能力制度。第二部分“确立我国老年人行为能力欠缺制度的必要性分析”论述了该制度的构建基础。“必要性”主要包括老年人主体自身的特殊性、老年人行为能力与承担责任的能力、监护制度之间的密切联系、老年人地位的历史变迁、司法实践中确定老年人行为能力特别程序案件增多的事实以及意思自由、交易秩序与安全的制度价值等方面。第三部分“老年人行为能力欠缺的判断标准考究”,从民事行为能力欠缺概念的罗马法溯源谈起,以历史推移为线索,从行为能力近现代到当代的发展历程中,探讨现今各国在判断行为能力欠缺制度上的新理论,以供参考。第四部分“我国老年人行为能力欠缺制度的构想”,从实体方面与程序方阐述了笔者的构想。实体方面包括我国老年人行为能力欠缺的理论基础、年龄范围、判断标准、制度类型,程序方面包括个案审查制度以及认定机构等。
[Abstract]:According to statistics from the Office of the National elderly Commission, the trend of population aging in China has increased rapidly since 2011, from 178 million in end of 2010 to 202 million in end of 2013. The population has increased by 24 million, which means an average annual increase of 8 million. The percentage of the elderly population in the total population has increased from 13.3% to 14.9. The aging situation of the population is becoming more and more serious. In 2013, China for the first time stipulated in the Law on the Protection of the Rights and interests of the elderly the capacity of the elderly and the problem of guardianship of the elderly. As a researcher of civil and commercial law, I regret to find that although this problem has been raised, it is only mentioned. Without taking into account the behavior capacity of adults, it will become weaker with the increase of age. What is the criterion to judge the deficiency of the behavior ability of the elderly? What are the circumstances under which older persons are incapacitated "in part or in whole"? What is the approach to review? All these problems need to be discussed, which are related to the premise and theoretical basis of establishing the guardianship of the elderly in China. This paper analyzes the defects of the existing system of civil capacity in China and proceeds from the direction of the development of the capacity of conduct. Summing up the elements of each country's legal consideration in the course of the development of behavior capacity. At the same time, combining with the reform measures of modern countries for the elderly, this paper studies the system of the old people's behavior capacity deficiency, and divides the old people's behavior ability into two parts. On the basis of this, the author constructs the behavioral capacity system of the elderly in China. The article is divided into four chapters. The first part, "reflection on the current system of natural person's capacity to act", mainly expounds the basic problems of the system of civil capacity of natural person, including classification, classification standard and declaration system. On this basis, this paper analyzes the defects of the current civil capacity system in the construction of elder guardianship, starting from the aspects of subject, standard of division, examination and declaration, etc. The second part, "the necessity analysis of establishing the system of the incapacity of the elderly in our country", discusses the foundation of the construction of the system. Sex mainly includes the particularity of the main body of the elderly, The close link between the capacity of the elderly and their ability to assume responsibility, the close link between the guardianship system, the historical changes in the status of the elderly, the fact that the number of cases of special procedures for the capacity of the elderly has increased in judicial practice, and the freedom of meaning, The third part, "the criteria for judging the incapacity of the elderly", starts from the Roman law of the concept of lack of civil capacity, and takes the passage of history as a clue. In the course of development from modern to contemporary behavior capacity, this paper discusses the new theory of judging the lack of behavior capacity system in various countries. For reference. 4th part of "the concept of the system of our country's elderly people's behavioral capacity deficiency", elaborated the author's idea from the entity aspect and the procedure side. The entity aspect includes the theory foundation, the age range of our country's senior citizen's behavioral capacity insufficiency. The judgment standard, the system type, the procedure aspect includes the case examination system as well as the confirmation organization and so on.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.1

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