中国保险代理人的法律地位

发布时间：2018-02-16 09:09

本文关键词： 保险代理人法律地位政策建议　出处：《西南财经大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：保险代理人是中国保险业的重要力量,随着近年来保险销售方面的不良现象越来越突出,保险代理人的法律地位才开始受到关注。要探讨我国保险代理人的法律地位,首先要对保险代理人的法律地位进行定义,然而国内外学者对法律地位的研究却不多见。根据已有的研究成果,可知法律地位与法律主体、法律关系、权利义务这些概念有关,因而,我们可以将保险代理人的法律地位定义为保险代理人在保险法律关系中所处的位置,它是由保险代理人所享有权利和承担义务的相应程度来体现的。以此定义为基础,对我国保险代理人法律地位的描述由三部分组成,即保险代理人所涉及的具体的法律关系、保险代理人的身份和保险代理人在法律关系中的权利与义务。保险代理人从事代理活动要与保险人和投保人双方打交道,保险代理人与保险人之间存在着委托代理法律关系,而保险代理人与投保人之间是否存在法律关系目前在理论界尚有分歧。根据法律关系成立的条件来看,保险代理人与投保人一般情况下互不存在权利与义务,故不存在法律关系,只有在特殊情况下,如保险代理人无权代理行为得不到保险人追认,无权代理人要对投保人赔偿损失,保险代理人与投保人之间才存在法律关系,因此一般情况下,保险代理人的法律地位只体现在与保险人之间的委托代理关系之中。根据我国保险法律法规,相对于保险人,保险代理人有佣金请求权、要求保险人对自己的代理展业活动予以支持等权利,和应当尽力促成交易、维护保险人基于代理授权所应有的利益、报告、忠实等义务。我国保险代理人法律地位的现状是,保险代理人受保险人的委托,在保险人授权的范围内代为办理保险业务,与保险人建立起委托代理法律关系,在该法律关系中处于独立、平等于保险人的相对位置,具体表现为保险代理人在该法律关系中有佣金请求权、要求保险人对自己的代理展业活动予以支持等权利和应当尽力促成交易、维护保险人基于代理授权所应有的利益、报告、忠实等义务。尽管保险代理人拥有独立、平等于保险人的法律地位,但我国保险代理人的法律地位存在两个问题,一是所有类型保险代理人都存在权利和义务的法律规定不平衡的情况,权利的规定少,义务的规定多,二是个人保险代理人的主体身份不明,究竟属于哪种类型的主体法律并未规定。这些问题所带来的后果之一是,保险人对保险代理人尤其是个人保险代理人作出越权行为却无相应法律条款可予以制止,导致保险代理人实际地位的弱势和违规违法现象增多。出现这些问题,原因有两个,一是保险法律法规本身存在的缺陷和《民法通则》、《合同法》等上位法支持的缺乏,二是我国大陆保险业发展时间短但发展迅速,立法经验不足,难以应对保险业情况的变化。然而要完善我国保险代理人的法律地位只能从完善立法着手。从其他国家和地区保险代理立法的比较引发的启示来看,可以将现行法律划分成两个层面分别进行完善,一是通过完善《民法通则》和《合同法》这两部上位法,增加代理人法律地位的共性内容,二是通过《保险法》和部门规章,增加保险代理人法律地位的特殊内容,并重视部门规章的运用。完善我国保险代理人的法律地位,归根到底是为了促进我国保险业健康发展、改善行业形象,为此需要扭转队伍庞大的个人保险代理人相对弱势的实际地位,除了其他学者已经提出的一些建议外,本文认为还可以建立个人保险代理人同业公会组织,对个人保险代理人进行更加合理的管理。本文以保险学和法学基本理论为研究基础,采用推理分析法、案例分析法、历史分析法等研究方法,分成六个部分进行分析研究。绪论部分介绍了本文的选题背景及研究意义,对我国保险代理人法律地位的研究现状和相关内容进行了综述,归纳了本文采用的研究方法和主要研究内容,同时指出了本文可能存在的创新点与不足之处。第一章保险代理人法律地位涵义的初步界定。该部分对本文要研究的核心概念进行了定义,先分别对法律地位和保险代理人这两个概念的内涵和外延进行简要阐述,再将两个概念合起来对保险代理人的法律地位予以定义。第二章中国保险代理人法律地位的现状研判。该部分以第一章得出的保险代理人法律地位的定义为线索进行扩展分析,以商法理论为主要的分析依据,以我国大陆保险法律法规为分析对象,将我国保险代理人的法律地位拆分成法律关系、主体身份和权利义务三部分进行剖析和描述,还加入了对当前热点问题的探讨。第三章中国保险代理人法律地位存在的问题、影响及根源。该部分在目前国内学者研究的基础上结合第二章的分析推断出存在的问题,通过案例反映出这些问题带来的不良影响,并通过推理分析和历史分析方法得出造成问题的原因。第四章完善中国保险代理人法律地位的思路及政策建议。该部分先以比较法分析为引子得出完善我国保险代理人法律地位的思路,再顺着思路进行立法范畴内的改进。第五章结语。该部分对全文进行了简要总结,并对保险代理活动的健康发展提出一些立法以外的建议。本文可能的创新及特色之处：一是初步界定了保险代理人的法律地位,并对保险代理人所涉及的法律关系及我国保险代理人的法律地位现状进行了研判,与以往的文献相比,深化了对保险代理人法律地位的研究；二是将我国目前保险代理人法律地位存在问题的分析落到了具体的法律法规上,对问题产生根源的探究,不局限于《保险法》等保险行业的法律法规,而是拓展到《民法通则》、《合同法》等更高位阶的法律上；三是较为系统地梳理了保险代理人法律地位的相关保险法律法规的演变历程,而政策建议部分则集中于立法范畴的改进,该部分的分析较之以往的研究更加深入。本文的不足之处在于,由于保险代理人的法律地位在商法理论领域内有一些目前仍处在广泛争议中的问题,因论文篇幅所限,无法将这些争议一列出,只能选择笔者认为更有说服力的观点作为立论基础,可能导致分析的不够完备,另外由于笔者知识水平有限,无法根据目前的行业发展情况进行立法预测,也无法对所提政策建议进行进一步的可行性分析,这些问题还有待进一步研究。
[Abstract]:Insurance agent is an important force in Chinese insurance industry in recent years, with the insurance sales bad phenomenon more and more serious, the legal status of insurance agent began attention. To explore the legal status of insurance agents in China, first of all to the legal status of insurance agents are defined, but the research on the legal status of the domestic and foreign scholars not much. According to the existing research results, the legal status and legal subject, legal relationship, the rights and obligations of these concepts, therefore, we can define the legal status of insurance agent for insurance agent in the insurance legal relationship in the position, it is reflected in the corresponding degree by the insurance agents enjoy rights and undertake duty. Based on this definition, the legal status of China's insurance agent description consists of three parts, namely, the insurance agent involved with The legal relationship of the body, the identity of the insurance agent and the rights and obligations of the insurance agent in the legal relationship.
The insurance agent in the agency activities with the insurer and the insured parties dealing between the agent and insurance exists principal-agent legal relationship between insurance agent and the insured whether there is legal relationship in the academic field now is still disputed. Legal relation according to the established conditions, the insurance agent and the insured under normal circumstances do not have the rights and obligations of the legal relationship, it does not exist, only in special circumstances, such as insurance agent right to act without the insurer ratification, unauthorized agent for the insured to compensate for the loss, there is the legal relationship between the insured and the insurance agent, so under normal circumstances, the legal status of insurance agent only reflected in the principal-agent relationship between the insurer and the.
According to China's laws and regulations with respect to the insurer, insurance, insurance agents have the right to request the Commission to require insurers to support their business activities such as exhibition agent right, and should try to facilitate transactions, the insurer should be authorized to maintain interest, based on agency report, loyalty and other obligations.
The legal status of Chinese insurance agents, insurance agents entrusted by the insurer, the insurer within the scope authorized to handle the insurance business and insurance agent who establish legal relationship is independent in the legal relationship, the relative position is equal to the insurer, the specific performance of the insurance agent has the right to in the legal relationship of commission request, request the insurer to support their business activities such as exhibition agency rights and should try to facilitate transactions, the insurer should be authorized to maintain interest, based on agency report, loyalty and obligation.
Although the insurance agent has independent and equal legal status to the insurer, but the legal status of insurance agents in China there are two problems, one is the legal provisions of all types of insurance agents have the rights and obligations of the balance of the situation, the rights, obligations, two is the main body of the personal insurance agent's identity what subject is unknown, what kind of law does not stipulate. One of the consequences of these problems is that of the insurance agent especially personal insurance agent made ultra vires but no corresponding legal provisions could be stopped, resulting in an increase in the actual position of the insurance agent and the weak illegal phenomenon.
These problems, there are two reasons, one is the inherent defect insurance laws and regulations and the general principles of civil law > >, < > the lack of support of the contract law higher law, the two is the development of China's insurance industry, time is short but rapid development, lack of legislative experience, changes in the insurance industry is difficult to cope with the situation.
However, to improve the legal status of insurance agents in China can only proceed from the legislation from other countries and regions. The insurance agency legislation comparative thinking point of view, can be divided into two aspects: the current law were perfect, one is to improve the "general principles of civil law" and "Contract Law > the two law, common an increase of the content of the legal status of the agent, the two is through the insurance law and regulations > >, special content increased the legal status of the insurance agent, and pay attention to the use of departmental regulations.
To improve the legal status of insurance agents in China, after all is in order to promote the healthy development of China's insurance industry, improve the image of the industry, the need to reverse the actual status of a large contingent of individual insurance agent is relatively weak, but some suggestions have been proposed by other scholars, it can also establish personal insurance agent guild organization, more reasonable management of individual insurance agents.
Based on the basic theories of insurance and law, this paper divides into six parts by reasoning analysis, case analysis and historical analysis.
The introduction part introduces the research background and significance, research status and content related to the legal status of insurance agents in China were reviewed, summarized the research methods used in this paper and the main research contents, and points out the possible innovations and shortcomings.
The first chapter preliminary definition of the legal status of the insurance agent. The meaning of the core concept of this part to the research of the definition, the first of those two concepts and the legal status of insurance agent's connotation and extension are briefly described, and then the two concepts together the legal status of insurance agent to be defined.
The status quo analysis the legal status of the second chapter Chinese insurance agent. The definition of the legal status of the insurance agent obtained by the first chapter of the paper extends the analysis as a clue, with commercial law on the theory of the main, to the mainland insurance laws and regulations of our country as the research object, the insurance agent of our country's legal status is divided into legal relationship, subject the identity and the rights and obligations of the three part makes a description and analysis, also joined the discussion on current hot issues.
There is the legal status of the third chapter China insurance agent problems, influence and roots. This part on the basis of current research on the combination of the second chapter of the analysis and inference problems, reflecting the adverse impact of these problems through the case, and by inference analysis and historical analysis method that the cause of the problem.
The fourth chapter puts forward the train of thought and policy suggestion to improve the legal status of China's insurance agent. This part first draws the idea of improving the legal status of the insurance agent in China through comparative analysis, and then improves the legislative category according to the train of thought.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion. This part gives a brief summary of the full text, and puts forward some suggestions outside the legislation for the healthy development of the insurance agency.
The character and innovation of this paper. The first one is to define the legal status of insurance agent, legal status and legal relationship of insurance agents involved and insurance agents in our country are judged, compared with the previous literature, deepened the research on the legal status of insurance agent; the two is the analysis of China's current the legal status of insurance agent problems to specific laws and regulations, causes to explore problems, not limited to the laws and regulations of the insurance law such as < > of the insurance industry, but is extended to the general principles of civil law > < < contract law >, such as higher order law; three is the evolution of systematically sort out the legal status of insurance agent insurance related laws and regulations, improve the policy recommendations are concentrated in areas of legislation, this part of the analysis of more than ever deeper.
This shortcoming is that, due to the legal status of insurance agent is still in some controversy problems in law theory field, due to the limitation of the paper length, cannot be a list of these disputes, the author thinks that can only choose as the foundation on the basis of a more persuasive view, may cause analysis is not complete, in addition to the the level of knowledge is limited, can not be predicted according to the legislation of the current development situation of industry, nor the proposed policy recommendations for further feasibility analysis, these issues still need further study.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.284

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