我国海事诉讼中的证据规则问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 21:11

本文选题：证据制度　切入点：证据规则　出处：《上海海事大学》2004年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：证据是一切诉讼活动的核心，民事证据制度改革是民事审判改革的重要组成部分。本文笔者以民事诉讼模式和证据制度的关系理论为基础，比较各国立法实践，具体探讨我国海事诉讼改革中的证据规则问题。文章的第一部分通过各国的民事证据立法对比，提示了具体证据规则同民事诉讼模式的内在联系。民事诉讼模式决定证据制度的立法模式和具体证据规则的设置。现代各国民事诉讼模式在相互吸收职权式和对抗制的优点和克服缺陷的过程中不断趋同发展。我国尚未建立起一套完备系统的民事证据制度。我国民事证据制度的建立必须结合民事审判以引进当事人模式为方向的改革，丰富和完善具体动态和静态的证据规则。在第一部分奠定的理论基础上，第二部分提出了海事诉讼证据改革先行的问题，，并选取证据调查制度和专家证人制度两大海事诉讼特色证据问题详细探讨。海事诉讼特别程序法的规定和海商法的性质使当事人模式深入地渗透到海事审判中来。一般民事诉讼的证据规则本身就缺乏系统性和能动性，更不能够适应海事审判的需要。因此，海事诉讼需要建立贴合其特色的证据规则，并且这些证据规则的制定很有向当事人模式下发展的最好的美国证据法和海事诉讼发展的最好的英国法学习借鉴的必要。在比较研究了英美相关方面的立法和实践之后，笔者结合海事诉讼特别程序法的规定以及我国的海事司法实践，分析得出：第一，我国海事诉讼中缺乏调动当事人积极性、保障证据收集的动态规则，不妨以船舶碰撞中的庭前证据交换制度为出发和参照，体系性的建立海事诉讼证据开示制度，配合海事诉讼证据保全制度，构成较为完整的海事诉讼证据调查制度；第二，一般民事诉讼中的鉴定制度已经完全不能满足现代海事诉讼对于专家证据的需求，对于海事专家的法律地位、专家作证的方式、专家证人的限制等一系列问题都需要重新界定，这就必须考虑我国原有的大陆式鉴定制度，因此专家证人制度的建立当与鉴定制度重构并行，但是海事诉讼中可以先行以司法解释等形式作出规定。根据上述研究，笔者分别对于我国建立海事诉讼证据开示制度和统一专家证人制度提出了建议，希望对完善我国海事诉讼立法和证据制度改革有所帮助。
[Abstract]:Evidence is the core of all litigation activities, and the reform of civil evidence system is an important part of civil trial reform. This paper discusses the rule of evidence in the reform of maritime litigation in China. The first part of the article through the comparison of civil evidence legislation in various countries, The article points out the internal relation between the concrete evidence rules and the civil action mode. The legislative model and the concrete evidence rules of the civil action mode determine the evidence system. The advantages of anti-system and the process of overcoming defects have been developing. China has not yet established a complete and systematic system of civil evidence. The establishment of civil evidence system in our country must be combined with the reform of introducing the mode of litigants in civil trials. Enrich and improve the specific dynamic and static rules of evidence. On the basis of the theory laid in the first part, the second part puts forward the question of the reform of evidence in maritime litigation. And select evidence investigation system and expert witness system to discuss the characteristic evidence of maritime litigation in detail. The provisions of special procedure law of maritime litigation and the nature of maritime law make the mode of parties deeply infiltrate into maritime trial. ... the rules of evidence in general civil proceedings themselves are not systematic and dynamic, Even less able to meet the needs of maritime trials. Therefore, maritime litigation needs to establish evidentiary rules that suit its characteristics, Moreover, the formulation of these rules of evidence is necessary for the study and reference of the best American evidence law and the best English law for the development of maritime litigation in the model of the parties. After a comparative study of the relevant legislation and practice in the United States and the United States, Combined with the provisions of the special procedure law of maritime litigation and the maritime judicial practice of our country, the author concludes that: first, there is a lack of dynamic rules to arouse the enthusiasm of the parties and ensure the collection of evidence in our maritime litigation. Take the pre-court evidence exchange system in ship collision as the starting point and reference, systematically establish the maritime litigation evidence discovery system, cooperate with the maritime litigation evidence preservation system, constitute a relatively complete maritime litigation evidence investigation system; second, The appraisal system in general civil action has not been able to meet the demand for expert evidence in modern maritime litigation, and a series of problems need to be redefined, such as the legal status of maritime experts, the way of expert testimony, the limitation of expert witnesses, etc. Therefore, the establishment of the expert witness system should be parallel to the reconstruction of the appraisal system, but the maritime litigation can be stipulated in the form of judicial interpretation. According to the above research, the author puts forward some suggestions on establishing the evidence discovery system and unifying the expert witness system in our country, hoping to be helpful to improve the legislation and evidence system reform of maritime litigation in our country.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D925.13

【引证文献】